Table 1. . Summary of methodological quality.
| Study/year | Reporting | External validity | Internal validity - bias | Internal validity (selection bias) | Power | Total score | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aydiner et al., 2013 | 10/11 | 01/03 | 04/07 | 03/06 | 0/1 | 18 | [34] |
| Cata et al., 2014 | 11/11 | 01/03 | 04/07 | 03/06 | 0/1 | 19 | [35] |
| Chang et al., 2020 | 09/11 | 03/03 | 04/07 | 03/06 | 0/1 | 19 | [36] |
| Chaudhary et al., 2019 | 10/11 | 02/03 | 03/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 17 | [37] |
| Coelho et al., 2019 | 10/11 | 01/03 | 04/07 | 03/06 | 0/1 | 18 | [38] |
| Cui et al., 2019 | 07/11 | 01/03 | 04/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 14 | [56] |
| Holmes et al., 2013 | 08/11 | 01/03 | 04/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 15 | [39] |
| Kaira et al., 2019 | 09/11 | 02/03 | 04/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 17 | [40] |
| Lin et al., 2015 | 09/11 | 03/03 | 04/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 18 | [41] |
| Mei et al., 2019 | 08/11 | 01/03 | 05/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 16 | [42] |
| Musselman et al., 2018 | 08/11 | 02/03 | 04/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 16 | [43] |
| Numbere et al., 2015 | 07/11 | 01/03 | 04/07 | 03/06 | 0/1 | 15 | [44] |
| Oh et al., 2020 | 07/11 | 01/03 | 04/07 | 03/06 | 0/1 | 15 | [45] |
| Sakamoto et al., 2019 | 08/11 | 01/03 | 05/07 | 03/06 | 0/1 | 17 | [46] |
| Shah et al., 2011 | 08/11 | 02/03 | 03/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 15 | [47] |
| Shao et al., 2016 | 08/11 | 02/03 | 04/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 16 | [48] |
| Udumyan et al., 2020 | 11/11 | 02/03 | 03/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 18 | [49] |
| Wang et al., 2006 | 09/11 | 01/03 | 05/07 | 03/06 | 0/1 | 18 | [50] |
| Wang et al., 2013 | 09/11 | 01/03 | 04/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 16 | [51] |
| Wang et al., 2015 | 10/11 | 01/03 | 04/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 17 | [52] |
| Weberpals et al., 2017 | 10/11 | 02/03 | 03/07 | 04/06 | 0/1 | 19 | [17] |
| Yang et al., 2017 | 10/11 | 01/03 | 04/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 17 | [17] |
| Yazawa et al., 2016 | 07/11 | 01/03 | 03/07 | 02/06 | 0/1 | 13 | [16] |
| Ji et al., 2022 | 09/11 | 01/03 | 05/07 | 03/06 | 0/1 | 18 | [55] |
Excellent = 26 to 28; Good = 20 to 25; Fair = 15 to 19; Poor = <14.