Table 2.

Summary of studies involving Laponite conducted in or for the eye in the last 10 years (2013–2023).

PUBLICATION	STUDY	MOLECULE	ROUTE	OUTCOMES
Article	In vitro & In vivo	Brimonidine	Intravitreal administration	Brimonidine–Laponite treatment for glaucoma can be monitored non-invasively using vitreoretinal interface imaging captured with optical coherence tomography over 24 weeks of follow-up and correlated with brimonidine levels measured in rat eyes [28].
Article	In vivo	–	Intravitreal & suprachoroidal administration	Safety and biocompatibility of Laponite clay in rabbit eyes [40].
Article	In vitro	Dexamethasone	Vitreous humor models	Laponite clay can retain dexamethasone by simple physisorption and deliver it in a controlled manner in solutions used as models for the vitreous humor. It is transparent in the gel state, and the preparation method is simple [47].
Article	In vitro & In vivo	Dexamethasone	Intravitreal & suprachoroidal administration	Sustained-release delivery of dexamethasone using Laponite as a carrier after intravitreal and suprachoroidal administration in rabbit eyes over 14 weeks [48].
Article	In vitro & In vivo	Brimonidine	Intravitreal administration	A brimonidine–Laponite intravitreal formulation has an ocular hypotensive and neuroprotective effect throughout 6 months of follow-up in glaucomatous rats [49].
Review	In vivo	–	Suprachoroidal administration	Delivery of existing and novel therapeutic agents, such as Laponite, into the potential space between the sclera and choroid and a promising drug delivery route to the posterior segment of the eye [50].
Editorial	In vitro & In vivo	Brimonidine	Intravitreal administration	The most recent cutting-edge research in ophthalmic drug delivery, highlighting a glaucoma treatment combining a hypotensive and neuroprotective intravitreal formulation of brimonidine–Laponite that could be monitored non-invasively using optical coherence tomography [51].
Review	In vitro & In vivo	–	–	Summarizes recent findings and patents on various nanotechnology products, such as Laponite, in ocular drug delivery [52].
Review	In vitro & In vivo	–	–	Natural and synthetic clays for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications from in vitro/in vivo studies [53].
Review	In vitro & In vivo	–	–	New three-dimensional delivery strategies, including Laponite, for growth factors show promise compared to conventional methods [54].
Review	In vitro & In vivo	–	–	Applications on biological cationic mineral clay systems [55].
Review	In vitro & In vivo	–	–	Hydrogels including Laponite for drug delivery and biomedical devices among several applications [56].