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. 2024 Jan 18;22(1):e8488. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8488

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© 2024 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Simplified schemes of the originally proposed human iAs metabolism pathway (A), the two more recently proposed alternative pathways (B, C) as well as a possible conjunction of the pathways. ATG, Arsenic triglutathione; MMA(V), monomethylarsonic acid; MMA(III), monomethylarsonous acid; DMA(V), dimethylarsinic acid); DMA(III), dimethylarsinous acid; MMAG, monomethylarsonic diglutathione; DMAG, dimethylarsinic glutathione; thio‐DMA(V), thio‐dimethylarsinic acid; GSH, glutathion‐S‐transferases; AS3MT, arsenite methyltransferase; SAM, S‐Adenosylmethionine; SAH, S‐Adenosylhomocysteine. Scheme modified from Hartwig and Schwerdtle (2009), © Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Wiley.