Table 1. List of Included Components, Delivery Methods, and Their Definitions.

Intervention	Description
Educational components
Sleep hygiene education	General explanation about sleep (eg, sleep biology, characteristics of healthy sleep, and changes in sleep patterns with aging) and general recommendations about lifestyle (eg, diet, exercise, and substance use) and environmental factors (eg, light, noise, and temperature) to improve sleep. This may include some elements of other components, such as stimulus control, but these should not be the predominant part of the intervention.
Sleep diary	Self-monitoring of important daily sleep-related information using a sleep diary.
Cognitive components
Cognitive restructuring	Skills to identify, challenge, and change unhelpful beliefs about sleep that may disturb sleep. Sometimes simply called cognitive therapy. This may include behavioral experiments.
Third-wave components	Mindfulness and acceptance and commitment therapy. Mindfulness is a form of meditation emphasizing a nonjudgmental state of heightened or complete awareness of one’s thoughts, emotions, or experiences on a moment-to-moment basis. Acceptance and commitment therapy focuses on accepting the feelings and thoughts associated with insomnia through value-based behaviors.
Constructive worry	Skills to overcome worry in bed by writing down the worries and their solutions before going to bed.
Behavioral components
Sleep restriction	Skills to improve sleep by limiting time in bed. First, time in bed is restricted to the average sleep duration plus 30 minutes, and then it is increased or decreased depending on sleep efficiency.
Stimulus control	Skills to reassociate the bed with sleep. Patients are instructed to wake up at the same time every morning, refrain from daytime napping, go to bed only when sleepy, get out of bed when unable to sleep, and use the bed and bedroom for sleep and sex only.
Relaxation	Structured exercises to reduce somatic tension (eg, abdominal breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic training) and cognitive arousal (eg, guided imagery training).
Paradoxical intention	Exercise to remain awake as long as possible after getting into bed.
Other
Nonspecific treatment effect	Effect of an intervention due to the patients’ belief that they are receiving some form of treatment. We classified miscellaneous skills not covered in other sections and not expected to have a large effect (eg, quasi-desensitization) as having a nonspecific treatment effect.
Waiting component	Participants are aware that they can receive active treatment after a waiting phase. If patients allocated to the waiting list control condition received some other potentially therapeutic components, we considered both the waiting component and the therapeutic components to be present.
Conventional drug treatment	Rated positive when conventional drug treatment is present (drug treatment is part of the protocol treatment) or allowed (we will note the percentage of patients taking the drug). Because this component was always present or absent in each trial, its effect size could not be estimated.
Delivery methods
Individual	Individual interaction with therapists, whether in person or remote.
Group	Interaction with therapists as a member of a group.
In person	In-person interaction with therapists.
Online therapeutic guidancea	Therapeutic guidance in addition to remote self-help interventions. This may be provided on a scheduled basis or as needed. Technical support only is not included. We coded this component separately from interaction with therapists to see if adding therapeutic guidance to remote self-help interventions was effective.
Human encouragementa	Reminders provided by human beings to proceed with the remote self-help treatment program via telephone or email. This should not contain any support related to the therapeutic contents. Peer support, such as online discussion groups, was regarded as part of this component.
Automated encouragementa	Automated reminders to proceed with the treatment program. This should not contain any support related to the therapeutic contents.

^a Online therapeutic guidance, human encouragement, and automated encouragement components were counted only for remote self-help interventions.