Table 7. Performance of Catalytic Tar Cracking.
| catalyst | support | operating conditions (°C) | tar cracking (%) | ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ni | quartz wool | 500–900 | 43.2–100 | (115, 146−148, 158−160) |
| Rh | SiO2 | 550–700 | 100 | (143−145, 161, 162) |
| Pt | CeO2 | 800 | 20–50 | (149) |
| Ru | (PPh3)3Cl2 | 600 | 11.8–80 | (163, 164) |
| FeO | 900 | 100 | (142) | |
| Co and Ni | oxidized Shengli lignite char (OXAWSL) | 450–500 | 76.3 | (165) |
| Ca | waste peat char (activated by CO2 (CPC) and KOH (APC)) | 900 | 94.4 | (166) |
| Ru and Ni | α-Al2O3 | 400–800 | 97.8 | (167) |
| Ni-xSiO2 @C | wood carbon (WC) | 500–650 | 97 | (168) |
| Ni-doped | biochar (BC) | 600 | 60 | (169) |
| Ni–Pt | Ce1-xZrxO2 | 300–600 | 90.4 | (170) |
| Fe–Ni | Al2O3 | 500–700 | 63.8–100 | (171, 172) |
| CaNiRu MnNiRu | α-Al2O3 | 300–900 | 100 | (173) |
| Fe–Ni Cu–Ni | activated carbon | 200 | 99.1 | (174) |
| Ni, Fe, and Mg | zeolite | 800 | 86 | (175) |
| CaO-Ca12Al14O33 | Al2O3 | 600–800 | 73 | (176) |
| Ni/Ru–Mn | α-Al2O3 | 600–1100 | 100 | (177) |
| Pt | CexZr1-X O2/Al2O3 | 700 | 82 | (178) |
| Ni/AC | activated carbon | 500–700 | 99 | (179) |
| biomass porous char | K/Fe | 800 | 94.9 | (180, 181) |
| activated char loaded with nickel | activated char | 600–800 | 80 | (182) |
| biochar | 600–900 | 82–100 | (183−188) |