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. 2024 Jan 3;9(2):2547–2558. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07305

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© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society

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(a) Tyndall scattering of 532 nm green laser light by a nanobubble suspension in sonicated Millipore water; an unsonicated sample is shown on the right for reference. (b) Comparison of Millipore and Evian water after 25 min sonication; turbidity is due to the precipitation of calcium carbonate. (c) Population density of nanobubbles in sonicated Millipore water measured by laser particle tracking. (d) Monitoring of the temperature of Millipore water samples with sonication time. Ultrasound is switched off after 15 or 45 min.