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. 2024 Jan 3;9(2):2547–2558. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07305

Table 1. Mineral Composition in mg/L of Ultrasonically Treated Waters72a.

  water sample
Volvic:Evian
  Millipore tap Volvic Ballygowan Evian 3:1 1:1 1:3
pH 5.8 7.2 7.3 7.5 7.6 7.28 7.35 7.43
conductivity (at 20 °C) <0.02 0.17 0.23 0.64 (0.58) 0.60 (0.54) 0.31 0.41 0.51
total hardness as CaCO3 (TDS) 0 59 70 316 332 136 201 267
total hardness as Ca   24 28 127 133 54 80 107
calcium   19.7 12 93.2 79.9 29 45 63
magnesium   1.8 8.2 20.1 27.5 13 18 23
sodium   7 12 15 7 10 9 8
potassium   –nd 6 3 1 5 3.5 2
chloride   12.7 14 24 10.6 15 13 12
sulfate   23.48 8.5 15 13.29 10 11 13
a

Trace amounts are indicated by a dashed line. ζ-potential is measured in mV. Conductivity in mS/cm is standardized to 25 °C, with an error of ±0.01 mS/cm. Properties of three Volvic:Evian mixtures are included.