Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by age and gender
| Characteristics | Overall N = 36,556 | < 65 years | ≥65 years | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male n = 9376 | Female n = 8974 | Male n = 7966 | Female n = 10,240 | ||
| Age (years), Mean (SD) | 64.7 (10.0) | 56.2 (5.9) | 57.0 (5.5) | 72.3 (5.9) | 73.2 (6.1) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||
| Chinese | 27,185 (74.1) | 6790 (72.4) | 5733 (63.9) | 6466 (81.2) | 8196 (80.0) |
| Malay | 4640 (12.7) | 1188 (12.7) | 1779 (19.8) | 673 (8.5) | 1000 (9.8) |
| Indian | 3464 (9.5) | 1032 (11.0) | 1113 (12.4) | 586 (7.4) | 733 (7.2) |
| Others | 1267 (3.5) | 366 (3.9) | 349 (3.9) | 241 (3.0) | 311 (3.0) |
| Rental housing, n (%) | 2183 (6.0) | 447 (4.8) | 548 (6.1) | 501 (6.3) | 687 (6.7) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 2873 (7.9) | 1653 (17.6) | 135 (1.5) | 943 (11.8) | 142 (1.4) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), Mean (SD)d | 26.2 (4.0) | 26.7 (3.8) | 27.1 (4.6) | 25.2 (3.4) | 25.6 (4.0) |
| Lipid medications, n (%) | 31,409 (85.9) | 7826 (83.5) | 7578 (84.4) | 6923 (86.9) | 9082 (88.7) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 34,987 (95.7) | 8763 (93.5) | 8306 (92.6) | 7819 (98.2) | 10,099 (98.6) |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 6755 (18.5) | 1607 (17.1) | 682 (7.6) | 2461 (30.9) | 2005 (19.6) |
| Albuminuria, n (%) | |||||
| Abnormal | 20,971 (57.4) | 4491 (47.9) | 4726 (52.7) | 4840 (60.8) | 6914 (67.5) |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2), Mean (SD) | 84.6 (19.5) | 91.3 (15.5) | 96.6 (15.5) | 73.7 (17.8) | 76.5 (19.0) |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2), n (%) | |||||
| < 30 | 268 (0.7) | 11 (0.1) | 15 (0.2) | 92 (1.2) | 150 (1.5) |
| 30 - < 60 | 4452 (12.2) | 402 (4.3) | 330 (3.7) | 1745 (21.9) | 1975 (19.3) |
| 60 - < 90 | 14,562 (39.8) | 3128 (33.4) | 1722 (19.2) | 4581 (57.5) | 5131 (50.1) |
| 90 - < 120 | 17,274 (47.3) | 5835 (62.2) | 6907 (77) | 1548 (19.4) | 2984 (29.1) |
| SBP (mmHg), Mean (SD)e | 130.1 (11.5) | 128.6 (11.0) | 128.7 (11.7) | 130.4 (11.5) | 132.6 (11.4) |
| DBP (mmHg), Mean (SD)f | 69.1 (7.2) | 73.5 (6.7) | 69.3 (7.0) | 67.7 (6.7) | 66.0 (6.3) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), Mean (SD)g | 1.37 (0.4) | 1.22 (0.3) | 1.44 (0.3) | 1.30 (0.3) | 1.51 (0.4) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), Mean (SD)h | 2.31 (0.7) | 2.41 (0.7) | 2.40 (0.7) | 2.18 (0.6) | 2.23 (0.6) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L), Mean (SD)i | 1.42 (0.7) | 1.52 (0.8) | 1.43 (0.7) | 1.33 (0.6) | 1.41 (0.6) |
Abbreviations: CVD cardiovascular disease, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein
aData are count (percentage) and mean (SD). Note: Missing values imputed in mean (SD) calculation except for body mass index
d5025 (13.7%) missing values were imputed with the national cutoff of body mass index between moderate and high risk of weight-related health problems [3] (27.5 kg/m2)
e716 (1.96%) missing values were imputed with the mean value of systolic blood pressure (132.3 mmHg)
f719 (1.97%) missing values were imputed with the mean value of diastolic blood pressure (69.5 mmHg)
g152 (0.42%) missing values were imputed with the mean value of HDL cholesterol (1.314 mmol/L)
h205 (0.56%) missing values were imputed with the mean value of LDL cholesterol (2.393 mmol/L)
i87 (0.24%) missing values were imputed with the mean value of triglycerides (1.541 mmol/L)