Figure 2. Circulating vitamin D metabolites before and after ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

(A) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; status indicator] was unchanged throughout the study (P = 0.360). (B) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)₂D; active form] was significantly reduced after ACLR (P = 0.002). (C) Free 25(OH)D was unchanged throughout the study (P = 0.433). (D) Vitamin D binding protein (DBP) was lower at 4- and 6-month follow-ups when compared with baseline and 1 week after ACLR (P ≤ 0.0001). Participants: n = 21, 20, 17, and 17, for baseline, 1-week, 4-month, and 6-month measures, respectively. All available samples were analyzed. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA; results of post hoc tests on graph. **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P = 0.0001.