Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the whole population based on the percentage of docosanoic acid in serum fatty acids
| Variables | Total | Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | Quartile 5 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 4132 | n = 809 | n = 808 | n = 809 | n = 808 | n = 809 | ||
| Age, y | 48.6 ± 18.9 | 50.6 ± 18.9 | 50.7 ± 19.4 | 47.3 ± 18.9 | 47.2 ± 18.8 | 46.6 ± 17.8 | <.001 |
| Sex, female, n,% | 2095 (50.7) | 326 (40.3) | 395 (48.9) | 407 (50.3) | 433 (53.6) | 489 (60.4) | <.001 |
| Race, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||
| Mexican American | 607 (14.7) | 169 (20.9) | 140 (17.3) | 134 (16.6) | 90 (11.1) | 61 (7.5) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 1905 (46.1) | 318 (39.3) | 370 (45.8) | 367 (45.4) | 406 (50.2) | 394 (48.7) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 874 (21.2) | 111 (13.7) | 117 (14.5) | 150 (18.5) | 205 (25.4) | 283 (35.0) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 311 (7.5) | 89 (11.0) | 77 (9.5) | 68( 8.4) | 49 (6.1) | 27 (3.3) | |
| Other races | 435 (10.5) | 122 (15.1) | 104 (12.9) | 90 (11.1) | 58 (7.2) | 44 (5.5) | |
| Body mass index | 28.6 ± 6.6 | 29.1 ± 6.6 | 28.4 ± 6.3 | 28.1 ± 6.4 | 28.4 ± 6.7 | 29.3 ± 6.9 | <.001 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | .007 | ||||||
| Yes | 955 (23.1) | 230 (28.4) | 177 (21.9) | 185 (22.9) | 187 (23.1) | 158 (19.5) | |
| No | 2926 (70.8) | 528 (65.3) | 580 (71.8) | 574 (71.0) | 579 (71.7) | 602 (74.4) | |
| Don’t known | 251 (6.1) | 51 (6.3) | 51 (6.3) | 50 (6.2) | 42 (5.2) | 49 (6.1) | |
| Drinking status, n (%) | .025 | ||||||
| Yes | 2787 (67.4) | 569(70.3) | 523 (64.7) | 558 (69.0) | 566 (70.0) | 514 (63.5) | |
| No | 1096 (26.5) | 189(23.4) | 236 (29.2) | 201 (24.8) | 200 (24.8) | 246 (30.4) | |
| Don’t known | 249 (6.0) | 51(6.3) | 49 (6.1) | 50 (6.2) | 42 (5.2) | 49 (6.1) | |
| Waist circumference, cm | 98.2 ± 15.8 | 101.1 ± 16.5 | 98.3 ± 15.3 | 96.5 ± 15.6 | 96.8 ± 15.3 | 98.3 ± 15.9 | <.001 |
| Physical activity, n (%) | <.001 | ||||||
| Yes | 2133 (51.6) | 451 (55.7) | 427 (52.8) | 431 (53.3) | 416 (51.5) | 368 (45.5) | |
| No | 1532 (37.1) | 253 (31.3) | 268 (33.2) | 284 (35.1) | 309 (38.2) | 374 (46.2) | |
| Don’t known | 467 (11.3) | 105 (13.0) | 113 (14.0) | 94 (11.6) | 83 (10.3) | 67 (8.3) | |
| Income status, n (%), $ | .002 | ||||||
| 0-4999 | 949 (23.0) | 218 (26.9) | 193 (23.9) | 188 (23.2) | 168 (20.8) | 161 (19.9) | |
| 5000-9999 | 1323 (32.0) | 270 (33.4) | 253 (31.3) | 271 (33.5) | 256 (31.7) | 242 (29.9) | |
| 10 000-14 999 | 722 (17.5) | 139 (17.2) | 136 (16.8) | 125 (15.5) | 144 (17.8) | 162 (20.0) | |
| 15 000-19 999 | 541 (13.1) | 74 (9.1) | 102 (12.6) | 99 (12.2) | 117 (14.5) | 136 (16.8) | |
| 20 000-24 999 | 374 (9.1) | 66 (8.2) | 75 (9.3) | 78 (9.6) | 84 (10.4) | 67 (8.3) | |
| Don’t known | 223 (5.4) | 42 (5.2) | 49 (6.1) | 48 (5.9) | 39 (4.8) | 41 (5.1) | |
| AHEI | 53.3 ± 13.7 | 52.0 ± 14.2 | 53.2 ± 14.4 | 53.8 ± 13.4 | 53.3 ± 13.7 | 54.0 ± 12.9 | .036 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 123.5 ± 19.6 | 126.6 ± 21.0 | 125.2 ± 19.8 | 123.2 ± 20.0 | 121.6 ± 18.5 | 121.7 ± 18.5 | <.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 69.5 ± 13.1 | 69.8 ± 14.0 | 69.4 ± 13.2 | 69.3 ± 13.3 | 68.9 ± 12.5 | 70.6 ± 11.9 | .055 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.9 ± 1.8 | 6.4 ± 2.4 | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 5.7 ± 1.5 | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 5.5 ± 1.3 | <.001 |
| Total energy, kcal | 2083.9 ± 858.9 | 2054.9 ± 856.7 | 2070.9 ± 840.1 | 2109.6 ± 864.7 | 2081.5 ± 889.1 | 2096.3 ± 844.8 | .737 |
| Total unsaturated fatty acids, μmol/L | 28.4 ± 14.9 | 26.4 ± 14.3 | 27.4 ± 14.3 | 28.5 ± 14.7 | 29.0 ± 15.5 | 30.9 ± 15.6 | <.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.5 ± 1.2 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 1.0 | .051 |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | <.001 |
Continuous variables in the baseline data were analyzed using analysis of variance, expressed as mean ± SD, and categorical variables were expressed as number of samples (frequency) using chi-square tests.
Abbreviation: AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating Index.