Table 1.
Expression, distribution and cellular localization of the upstream regulatory factors of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways in chronic pain.
| JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways | Model | Expression | Distribution | Cellular localization | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-JAK2 | SNL-induced neuropathic pain rats | SDH↑ | / | Astrocytes | [24] |
| ACC and amygdala↑ | / | Astrocytes | [48] | ||
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [31] | ||
| SNI-induced neuropathic pain rats | DRG↑ | / | / | [45] | |
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [47] | ||
| RN↑ | RN | / | [41] | ||
| SNI-induced neuropathic pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal horn | Astrocytes | [35] | |
| Spinal cord↑ | / | Astrocytes | [25] | ||
| Spinal cord↑ | / | Microglial cells | [43] | ||
| bCCI-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal horn | / | [11] | |
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [42] | ||
| CCI-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal dorsal horn | / | [36] | |
| Morphine-induced analgesic tolerance mice | DRG↑ | / | / | [4] | |
| TNBS-treated visceral hypersensitivity goats | PAG-RVM-SCDH axis↑ | vlPAG, NRM, SCDH, NTS, DMV | / | [7] | |
| TCI-induced bone cancer pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal cord horn | Microglial cells | [8] | |
| SDH↑ | / | Neurons | [29] | ||
| DRG↑ | DRG: small-sized neurons | DRG neurons | [33] | ||
| TCI-induced bone cancer pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | / | Astrocytes | [30] | |
| STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal spinal cord | / | [26] | |
| CFA-induced inflammatory pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [3] | |
| p-STAT3 | SNL-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal spinal cord: the superficial and medial laminae (I-V) ventral horn |
Microglial cells | [32] |
| ACC and amygdala↑ | / | Astrocytes | [48] | ||
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [31] | ||
| SDH↑ | / | Astrocytes | [24] | ||
| SNI-induced neuropathic pain rats | RN↑ | / | / | [39, 41] | |
| DRG↑ | / | / | [45] | ||
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [47] | ||
| SNI-induced neuropathic pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | / | Microglial cells | [43] | |
| Spinal cord↑ | Spinal dorsal horn | Astrocytes | [35] | ||
| Spinal cord↑ | / | Astrocytes | [25] | ||
| CCI-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal cord: the superficial and medial laminae (I-V) | Astrocytes | [14] | |
| Spinal cord↑ | Spinal dorsal horn | / | [36] | ||
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [37] | ||
| bCCI-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal horn | / | [11] | |
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [42] | ||
| TNBS-treated visceral hypersensitivity goats | PAG-RVM-SCDH axis↑ | vlPAG, NRM, SCDH, NTS | / | [7] | |
| TCI-induced bone cancer pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal cord horn | Microglial cells | [8] | |
| SDH↑ | / | Neurons | [29] | ||
| DRG↑ | DRG: small-sized neurons | DRG neurons | [33] | ||
| TCI-induced bone cancer pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | / | Astrocytes | [30] | |
| Leptin-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal horn: lamina II | neurons | [34] | |
| IL-1β-mediated pain rats | RN↑ | / | RN: neurons and astrocytes | [40] | |
| Oxaliplatin-induced acute neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [13] | |
| STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal spinal cord | / | [26] | |
| HFSD-induced DNP rats | SDH↑ | / | Microglial cells | [44] | |
| CFA-induced inflammatory pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [3] | |
| α7nAchR | SNI-induced neuropathic pain rats | DRG↓ | / | / | [45] |
| tMCAO-induced I/RI rats | Cerebral cortex↓ | Cerebral cortex: in the ischemic penumbra area | / | [50] |
Abbreviations: α7nAchR: alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; ACC: anterior cingulate cortex; bCCI: bilateral chronic constriction injury; CCI: chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerves; CFA: complete Freund's adjuvant; DMV: dorsal motor nucleus of vagi; DNP: painful diabetic neuropathy; DRG: dorsal root ganglia; encephalomyelitis; HFSD: high-fat-sugar diet; I/RI: ischemia/reperfusion injury; NRM: nucleus raphe magnus; NTS: nucleus tractus solitaries; PAG: periaqueductal gray; RMC: RN magnocellular; RN: red nucleus; RVM: rostral ventromedial medulla; SCDH: spinal cord dorsal horn; SDH: spinal dorsal horn; SNI: spared nerve injury; SNL: spinal nerve ligation; STZ: streptozotocin; TCI: tumor cell implantation; tMCAO: transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; TNBS: 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid