Table 2.
Expression, distribution and cellular localization of the downstream regulatory factors of Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways in chronic pain.
| JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways | Model | Expression | Distribution | Cellular localization | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-6 | SNL-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord and DRG↑ | Dorsal spinal cord and DRG | / | [32] |
| SDH↑ | / | Astrocytes | [24] | ||
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [31] | ||
| ACC and amygdala↑ | / | Astrocytes | [48] | ||
| SNI-induced neuropathic pain rats | DRG↑ | / | / | [45] | |
| RN↑ | RN: especially RMC | / | [39] | ||
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [47] | ||
| SNI-induced neuropathic pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal dorsal horn | Astrocytes | [35] | |
| Spinal cord↑ | / | Microglial cells | [43] | ||
| CCI-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal cord: the superficial and medial laminae (I-V) | Astrocytes | [14] | |
| TNBS-treated visceral hypersensitivity goats | PAG-RVM-SCDH axis↑ | vlPAG, NRM, SCDH, NTS, and DMV | / | [7] | |
| oxaliplatin-induced acute neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [13] | |
| STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal spinal cord | / | [26] | |
| tMCAO-induced I/RI rats | Cerebral cortex↑ | Cerebral cortex: in the ischemic penumbra area | / | [50] | |
| Interleukin-6-evoked tactile allodynia rats | SDH↑ | / | / | [49] | |
| HFSD-induced DNP rats | SDH↑ | / | Microglial cells | [44] | |
| IL-1β | SNL-induced neuropathic pain rats | SDH↑ | / | Astrocytes | [24] |
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [31] | ||
| ACC and amygdala↑ | / | Astrocytes | [48] | ||
| SNI-induced neuropathic pain rats | DRG↑ | / | / | [45] | |
| RN↑ | RN: especially RMC | / | [38] | ||
| SNI-induced neuropathic pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal dorsal horn | Astrocytes | [35] | |
| Spinal cord↑ | / | Astrocytes | [25] | ||
| CCI-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal cord: the superficial and medial laminae (I-V) | Astrocytes | [14] | |
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [37] | ||
| TCI-induced bone cancer pain rats | SDH↑ | / | Neurons | [29] | |
| TCI-induced bone cancer pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | / | Astrocytes | [30] | |
| rrIL-1β-induced neuropathic pain rats | RN↑ | / | RN neurons and astrocytes | [40] | |
| STZ-induced diabetic neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal spinal cord | / | [26] | |
| tMCAO-induced I/RI rats | Cerebral cortex↑ | Cerebral cortex: in the ischemic penumbra area | / | [50] | |
| Interleukin-6-evoked tactile allodynia rats | SDH↑ | / | / | [49] | |
| TNF-α | SNL-induced neuropathic pain rats | SDH↑ | / | Astrocytes | [24] |
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [31] | ||
| SNI-induced neuropathic pain rats | RN↑ | RN: especially RMC | / | [38] | |
| RN↑ | / | RN neurons | [41] | ||
| SNI-induced neuropathic pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal dorsal horn | Astrocytes | [35] | |
| CCI-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal cord: the superficial and medial laminae (I-V) | Astrocytes | [14] | |
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [37] | ||
| bCCI-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | / | Microglial cells | [42] | |
| TCI-induced bone cancer pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | / | Astrocytes | [30] | |
| tMCAO-induced I/RI rats | Cerebral cortex↑ | Cerebral cortex: in the ischemic penumbra area | / | [50] | |
| Interleukin-6-evoked tactile allodynia rats | SDH↑ | / | / | [49] | |
| IL-33 | SNI-induced neuropathic pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal dorsal horn | Astrocytes | [35] |
| RN↑ | / | neurons, oligodendrocytes, and microglia | [41] | ||
| GM-CSF | TCI-induced bone cancer pain rats | DRG↑ | DRG: small-sized neurons | DRG neurons | [33] |
| IL-10 | SNI-induced neuropathic pain rats | DRG↓ | / | / | [45] |
| SNL-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↓ | / | / | [31] | |
| Interleukin-6-evoked tactile allodynia rats | SDH↓ | / | / | [49] | |
| TGF-β | Interleukin-6-evoked tactile allodynia rats | SDH↓ | / | / | [49] |
| SNL-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↓ | / | / | [31] | |
| CCL2 | SNI-induced neuropathic pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [35] |
| SOCS3 | SNL-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal spinal cord | / | [32] |
| SDH↑ | / | Astrocytes | [24] | ||
| SNI-induced neuropathic pain mice | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal dorsal horn | Astrocytes | [35] | |
| CCI-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Spinal cord: the superficial and medial laminae (I-V) | Astrocytes | [14] | |
| bCCI-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal spinal cord | / | [11] | |
| Spinal cord↑ | / | / | [42] | ||
| p-NR2B | HFSD-induced DNP rats | SDH↑ | / | Microglial cells | [44] |
| NMDAR | Leptin-induced neuropathic pain rats | Spinal cord↑ | Dorsal horn: lamina II | neurons | [34] |
Abbreviations: ACC: anterior cingulate cortex; bCCI: bilateral chronic constriction injury; CCI: chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerves; CCL2: (C-C motif) ligand 2; CFA: complete Freund's adjuvant; DMV: dorsal motor nucleus of vagi; DNP: painful diabetic neuropathy; DRG: dorsal root ganglia; encephalomyelitis; GM-CSF: granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; HFSD: high-fat-sugar diet; I/RI: ischemia/reperfusion injury; IL-1β: interleukin 1β; IL-6: interleukin 6; IL-10: interleukin 10; IL-33: interleukin 33; NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; NR2B: NMDA receptor 2B; NRM: nucleus raphe magnus; NTS: nucleus tractus solitaries; PAG: periaqueductal gray; RMC: RN magnocellular; RN: red nucleus; RVM: rostral ventromedial medulla; SCDH: spinal cord dorsal horn; SDH: spinal dorsal horn; SNI: spared nerve injury; SNL: spinal nerve ligation; SOCS3: suppressor of cytokine signaling 3; STZ: streptozotocin; TCI: tumor cell implantation; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; tMCAO: transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; TNBS: 2,4,6-trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.