Table 7.
Association between Zn/Cu ration and CVD risk markers (adjusted for gender, nationality, age, and education).
| Variables | Zn/Cu ratio Tertile 2 | Zn/Cu ratio Tertile 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AOR | 95% CI | p-value | AOR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Metabolic markers | ||||||
| high bmi | 0.717 | 0.352–1.459 | NS | 0.404 | 0.211–.775 | 0.006 |
| High hip/waist circumference | 2.051 | 1.043–4.033 | 0.037 | 2.667 | 1.340–5.307 | 0.005 |
| High glucose | 1.391 | 0.800–2.416 | NS | 1.134 | 0.632–2.032 | 0.672 |
| High insulin | 1.400 | 0.510–3.841 | NS | 0.600 | 0.167–2.157 | 0.434 |
| High HbA1c | 1.110 | 0.574–2.148 | NS | 1.118 | 0.556–2.251 | 0.753 |
| High C-peptide | 0.469 | 0.049–4.432 | NS | – | – | – |
| High HOMA-IR | 1.254 | 0.747–2.106 | NS | 1.238 | 0.729–2.103 | 0.428 |
| High TyG index | 1.029 | 0.608–1.741 | NS | 1.689 | 0.991–2.879 | 0.054 |
| Cardiovascular markers | ||||||
| High total cholesterol | 1.416 | 0.871–2.303 | NS | 1.054 | 0.638–1.743 | 0.835 |
| Low HDL-cholesterol | 0.752 | 0.464–1.220 | NS | 0.424 | 0.253–0.712 | 0.001 |
| High LDL-cholesterol | 1.367 | 0.828–2.255 | NS | 1.287 | 0.776–2.134 | 0.328 |
| High triglycerides | 1.662 | 0.886–3.116 | NS | 2.233 | 1.185–4.207 | 0.013 |
| High systolic blood pressure | 0.898 | 0.497–1.622 | NS | 1.596 | 0.874–2.913 | NS |
| High diastolic blood pressure | 0.776 | 0.338–1.781 | NS | 1.912 | 0.925–3.955 | NS |
| High pulse rate | 0.943 | 0.483–1.842 | NS | 0.954 | 0.482–1.888 | NS |
| 10-year ASCVD risk score | 0.681 | 0.026–17.475 | NS | 1.392 | 0.055–35.294 | NS |
| Coagulation tests | ||||||
| High prothrombin time (PT) | 0.963 | 0.551–1.683 | NS | 0.831 | 0.476–1.450 | NS |
| High international normalization ratio (INR) | 1.852 | 0.651–5.267 | NS | 1.577 | 0.558–4.458 | NS |
| High activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) | 0.996 | 0.558–1.778 | NS | 0.887 | 0.492–1.597 | NS |
| High fibrinogen | 0.329 | 0.150–0.720 | 0.005 | 0.273 | 0.110–0.676 | 0.005 |
| Cardiac markers | ||||||
| high myoglobin | 1.094 | 0.308–3.884 | NS | 1.427 | 0.405–5.025 | NS |
| High NT-proBNP | 1.354 | 0.294–6.231 | NS | 0.921 | 0.141–6.000 | NS |
| High creatine kinase | 1.538 | 1.004–5.499 | NS | 4.627 | 2.118–10.687 | 0.004 |
| Carotid doppler (common carotid arteries) | ||||||
| Pulsatility index (left) | 1.502 | 0.726–3.108 | NS | 1.562 | 0.769–3.173 | NS |
| Pulsatility index (right) | 1.555 | 0.777–3.111 | NS | 1.041 | 0.513–2.112 | NS |
| Resistivity index (left) | 1.784 | 0.890–3.574 | NS | 1.019 | 0.483–2.149 | NS |
| Resistivity index (right) | 1.175 | 0.564–2.444 | NS | 0.826 | 0.380–1.796 | NS |
| Systolic to diastolic velocity ratio (left) | 2.123 | 1.037–4.344 | 0.039 | 1.706 | 0.822–3.536 | NS |
| Systolic to diastolic velocity ratio (right) | 1.817 | 0.918–3.599 | NS | 1.058 | 0.512–2.186 | NS |
| Mean intima/media thickness (left) | 0.389 | 0.192–0.788 | 0.009 | 0.778 | 0.416–1.455 | NS |
| Mean intima/media thickness (right) | 0.693 | 0.347–1.387 | NS | 1.232 | 0.644–2.356 | NS |
| Viacorder test results (arterial stiffness) | ||||||
| Pulse power index (PPI) | 0.867 | 0.409–1.838 | NS | 0.759 | 0.355–1.624 | NS |
Bold numbers indicate statistically significant P-values.