Table 3.
Comparison of breathing problems between respondents of MRW and the general population
| Instrument/domain | MRW | Source | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| PROMIS-Dyspnea | N = 325 | US COVID population [19] N = 126, pre-COVID scores | |
| General shortness of breatha | 3.02 (2.53) | 0.0 (0.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Intensity of shortness of breath | 2.93 (2.61) | 0.0 (0.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Frequency of shortness of breath | 3.36 (2.85) | 0.0 (0.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Duration of shortness of breath | 2.9 (2.57) | 0.0 (0.0) | < 0.0001 |
| EQ-5D-5L bolt-on: Breathing | N = 1299 | POPUP, N = 9000 | |
| I have no problems breathing | 58.2% | 77.6% | < 0.0001 |
| I have slight problems breathing | 27.0% | 15.5% | |
| I have moderate problems breathing | 12.0% | 5.2% | |
| I have severe problems breathing | 2.4% | 1.2% | |
| I have extreme problems breathing | 0.4% | 0.5% | |
| Mean (SD) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.6) | < 0.0001 |
| MG-ADL: Breathing | N = 1236 | POPUP, N = 9000 | |
| Normal | 37.5% | 77.1% | < 0.0001 |
| Shortness of breath with exertion | 51.0% | 20.1% | |
| Shortness of breath at rest | 10.7% | 2.1% | |
| Ventilator dependence | 0.9% | 0.7% | |
| Mean (SD) | 0.8 (0.7) | 0.3 (0.5) | < 0.0001 |
aItems use a 0–10 numeric rating scale (where 0 represents no shortness of breath and 10 represents the worst possible shortness of breath). If the participant has no shortness of breath, the instrument stops after the first item and the subsequent three items are assigned a score of 0