Table 1.
The characteristics of the study respondents.
| Male (n = 138) | Female (n = 212) | Total sample (n = 350) | χ2/Z | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 10.802 | 0.001 | |||
| 65–79 | 62 (44.9%) | 59 (27.8%) | 121 (34.6%) | ||
| ≥ 80 | 76 (55.1%) | 153 (72.2%) | 229 (65.4%) | ||
| Place of residence | 0.252 | 0.615 | |||
| Urban (city/town) | 75 (54.3%) | 121 (57.1%) | 196 (56.0%) | ||
| Rural | 63 (45.7%) | 91 (42.9%) | 154 (44.0%) | ||
| Coresidence | 0.209 | 0.901 | |||
| With household member(s) | 74 (54.0%) | 112 (53.3%) | 186 (53.6%) | ||
| Alone | 47 (34.3%) | 70 (33.3%) | 117 (33.7%) | ||
| Nursing home | 16 (11.7%) | 28 (13.3%) | 44 (12.7%) | ||
| Marital status | 17.435 | < 0.001 | |||
| Currently married | 47 (34.8%) | 32 (15.4%) | 79 (23.0%) | ||
| Divorced/widowed/single | 88 (65.2%) | 176 (84.6%) | 264 (77.0%) | ||
| Educational level | 7.892 | < 0.001 | |||
| Illiterate | 26 (22.2%) | 129 (69.7%) | 155 (51.3%) | ||
| Primary school | 52 (44.4%) | 36 (19.5%) | 88 (29.1%) | ||
| Junior high and above | 39 (33.3%) | 20 (10.8%) | 59 (19.5%) | ||
| Self-rated health | 0.333 | 0.739 | |||
| Excellent/good | 53 (38.4%) | 82 (38.7%) | 135 (38.6%) | ||
| Average | 58 (42.0%) | 81 (38.2%) | 139 (39.7%) | ||
| Poor/very poor | 27 (19.6%) | 49 (23.1%) | 76 (21.7%) | ||
| ADL limitations | 4.938 | 0.026 | |||
| Yes | 16 (11.6%) | 44 (20.8%) | 60 (17.1%) | ||
| No | 122 (88.4%) | 168 (79.2%) | 290 (82.9%) | ||
| IADL limitations | 33.430 | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 71 (51.4%) | 171 (80.7%) | 242 (69.1%) | ||
| No | 67 (48.6%) | 41 (19.3%) | 108 (30.9%) | ||
| Currently smoked | 83.326 | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 61 (44.9%) | 9 (4.3%) | 70 (20.3%) | ||
| No | 75 (55.1%) | 199 (95.7%) | 274 (79.7%) | ||
| Currently drank alcohol | 43.043 | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 37 (27.4%) | 7 (3.3%) | 44 (12.7%) | ||
| No | 98 (72.6%) | 204 (96.7%) | 302 (87.3%) | ||
| Exercised regularly | 3.821 | 0.051 | |||
| Yes | 59 (43.1%) | 68 (32.7%) | 127 (36.8%) | ||
| No | 78 (56.9%) | 140 (67.3%) | 218 (63.2%) | ||
| Participated in outdoor activities | 0.139 | 0.709 | |||
| Yes | 88 (63.8%) | 131 (61.8%) | 219 (62.6%) | ||
| No | 50 (36.2%) | 81 (38.2%) | 131 (37.4%) | ||
| Participated in social activities | 0.373 | 0.541 | |||
| Yes | 20 (14.6%) | 36 (17.1%) | 55 (16.1%) | ||
| No | 117 (85.4%) | 175 (82.9%) | 292 (83.9%) | ||
| Self-rated financial status | 1.007 | 0.281 | |||
| Very rich/rich | 25 (18.8%) | 30 (14.5%) | 55 (16.2%) | ||
| Average | 79 (59.4%) | 125 (60.4%) | 204 (60.0%) | ||
| Poor/very poor | 29 (21.8%) | 52 (25.1%) | 81 (23.8%) | ||
| Psychological consulting services in community | 1.553 | 0.213 | |||
| Yes | 19 (14.2%) | 40 (19.4%) | 59 (17.4%) | ||
| No | 115 (85.8%) | 166 (80.6%) | 281 (82.6%) | ||
| SWB score | 2.104 | 0.035 | |||
| Median (Q1, Q3) | 23.0 (19,25) | 21.5 (18.25,25) | 22.0 (19,25) | ||
| Range | 8–30 | 7–30 | 7–30 |