Table 2.
General intellectual ability and executive functions according to disability level with estimated mean difference and 95% confidence intervals.
| Disability level | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Good recovery ref. (n = 18) | Moderate compared to ref. (n = 38) a | Severe compared to ref. (n = 17) b | |
| Mean (SD) | Estimated mean difference (95% CI) | Estimated mean difference (95% CI) | |
| IQ | 100 (11.62) | −7.05 (−14.1, −0.44)* | −18.2 (−26.9, −9.52)*** |
| IQ c | −7.68 (−14.5, −0.86)* | −17.4 (−25.8, −8.90)*** | |
| IQ d | −7.99 (−15.1, −0.87)* | −17.7 (−26.4, −9.07)*** | |
| IQ e | −7.64 (−14.7, −0.60)* | −16.7 (−25.3, −8.06)*** | |
| Executive functions | |||
| Updating, scaled score | 10.1 (2.51) | −1.06 (−2.65, 0.54) | −2.72 (−4.67, −0.78)** |
| Updating, scaled score c | −1.15 (−2.73, 0.44) | −2.64 (−4.57, −0.71)** | |
| Updating, scaled score d | −1.09 (−2.59, 0.41) | −2.30 (−4.09, −0.50)* | |
| Updating, scaled score e | −1.08 (−2.59, 0.44) | −2.26 (−4.08, −0.43)* | |
| Shifting, scaled score | 8.7 (2.47) | −0.09 (−2.17, 1.99) | −2.55 (−5.01, −0.09)* |
| Shifting, scaled score c | −0.27 (−2.31, 1.76) | −2.29 (−4.70, 0.12) | |
| Shifting, scaled score d | −0.55 (−2.61, 1.52) | −2.44 (−4.86, −0.03)* | |
| Shifting, scaled score e | −0.49 (−2.55, 1.56) | −2.17 (−4.60, 0.26) | |
| Inhibition, T-score | 49.6 (8.85) | −2.58 (−7.09, 1.93) | −3.61 (−8.94, 1.72) |
| Inhibition, T-score c | −3.03 (−7.41, 1.36) | −2.99 (−8.18, 2.21) | |
| Inhibition, T-score d | −2.48 (−7.17, 2.21) | −2.90 (−8.38, 2.59) | |
| Inhibition, T-score e | −2.27 (−6.79, 2.26) | −1.81 (−7.17, 3.55) | |
| Executive attention, scaled score | 9.6 (2.15) | −1.21 (−2.97, 0.54) | −5.38 (−7.45, −3.31)*** |
| Executive attention, scaled score c | −1.37 (−3.09, 0.35) | −5.16 (−7.20, −3.13)*** | |
| Executive attention, scaled score d | −1.49 (−3.28, 0.29) | −5.27 (−7.36, −3.18)*** | |
| Executive attention, scaled score e | −1.45 (−3.23, 0.33) | −5.05 (−7.16, −2.94)*** | |
Between group difference; significance level: *0.05, **0.01, ***0.001, a In moderate disability 37 completed measures of IQ and updating, b In severe disability 14 completed IQ measures and 15 updating, c adjusted for age at insult, d adjusted for time post-insult, and e adjusted for age at insult and time post-insult.