Table 4.

QUADAS-2 assessment of the included studies

		Risk of bias				Applicability
First author	Year	Patient selection	Study test	Reference standard	Timing	Patient selection	Study test	Reference standard
Shulkin et al. [13]	1996	U	U	U	L	H	L	L
Franzius et al. [14]	2006	L	L	L	L	L	L	L
Piccardo et al. [15]	2012	L	U	U	L	L	L	L
Lu et al. [19]	2012	L	U	U	L	L	L	L
Piccardo et al. [10]	2020	L	L	L	L	L	L	L
Hemrom et al. [16]	2022	U	L	L	L	U	L	L
Aboian et al. [17]	2021	H	U	U	L	H	L	L
Pandit-Taskar et al. [21]	2018	U	U	L	L	L	L	L
Samim et al. [18]	2023	L	L	L	L	L	L	L
Wang et al. [20]	2023	L	L	L	L	L	L	U

H high, L low, U unclear