Table 3.
Glycemic Index (GI) evaluation and characterization of 25 Italian rice genotypes through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) imaging.
| Denomination | Average starch granules size (area) ± SD (μm2) | Starch granules average eccentricity | Starch granules average circularity | Estimated diameter of starch granules (μm) | Average porosity (%) | Protein content milled rice (g/100 g) | Ashes (g/100 g) | Total fat substances milled rice (g/100 g) | Amylose content (%) | Average GI milled rice (% glucose) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High Glycemic Index | ||||||||||
| Arborio | 43.02±5.13 | 0.71 | 0.40 | 7.40 | 5.79±0.27 | 6.71±0.41 | 0.43±0.04 | 0.57±0.05 | 14.10±3.00 | 92.31±8.35 |
| Lince | 123.20±15.59 | 0.69 | 0.42 | 12.53 | 1.11±0.09 | 5.97±0.37 | 0.34±0.04 | 0.64±0.05 | 17.50±3.50 | 88.93±9.22 |
| Duilio | 34.90±6.50 | 0.73 | 0.37 | 6.67 | 4.12±3.05 | 7.78±0.48 | 0.60±0.05 | 0.78±0.06 | 9.60±2.30 | 86.22±10.18 |
| Castelmochi | 0.89±0.23 | 7.54±0.46 | 0.66±0.05 | 1.44±0.09 | < 5 | 84.71±10.65 | ||||
| Padano | 36.40±2.26 | 0.73 | 0.40 | 6.81 | 6.55±0.05 | 6.69±0.41 | 0.60±0.05 | 0.95±0.07 | 12.70±2.80 | 73.69±10.66 |
| CL18 | 93.41±6.51 | 10.91 | 0.63±0.46 | 6.83±0.42 | 0.53±0.05 | 0.81±0.06 | 11.60±2.60 | 73.01±8.17 | ||
| Puma | 64.62±44.32 | 0.72 | 0.39 | 9.07 | 2.83±3.04 | 5.64±0.35 | 0.61±0.05 | 0.69±0.05 | 14.00±3.00 | 73.00±7.05 |
| Baldo | 74.90±24.86 | 0.72 | 0.40 | 9.77 | 3.60±2.91 | 7.28±0.45 | 0.48±0.04 | 0.78±0.06 | 14.20±3.00 | 71.42±6.44 |
| CL 71 | 39.46±26.27 | 0.73 | 0.40 | 7.09 | 3.30±2.47 | 7.43±0.46 | 0.58±0.05 | 0.94±0.07 | 20.70±4.00 | 71.29±7.14 |
| CL35 | 39.35±2.12 | 7.08 | 6.49±0.43 | 5.79±0.36 | 0.60±0.05 | 0.99±0.07 | 14.40±3.00 | 71.03±9.76 | ||
| Medium Glycemic Index | ||||||||||
| CL12 | 42.55±8.74 | 7.36 | 3.48±4.50 | 6.78±0.42 | 0.54±0.05 | 0.94±0.07 | 13.00±2.80 | 68.69±7.03 | ||
| S. Andrea | 38.06±6.42 | 0.73 | 0.39 | 6.96 | 5.95±0.28 | 5.93±0.37 | 0.51±0.05 | 0.74±0.06 | 15.20±3.10 | 66.49±7.64 |
| Valente | 0.73 | 0.38 | 0.69±0.59 | 7.18±0.44 | 1.08±0.07 | 0.75±0.06 | 12.10±2.70 | 66.17±6.86 | ||
| Carnaroli | 36.85±6.54 | 0.70 | 0.40 | 6.85 | 5.89±0.27 | 6.63±0.41 | 0.40±0.04 | 0.75±0.06 | 20.70±4.00 | 64.17±6.50 |
| CL388 | 39.59±8.18 | 0.72 | 0.40 | 7.10 | 5.53±1.40 | 7.43±0.46 | 0.41±0.04 | 0.63±0.05 | 12.60±2.70 | 62.56±8.67 |
| Tiberio | 52.58±37.36 | 0.73 | 0.42 | 8.18 | 3.07±2.24 | 6.66±0.41 | 0.58±0.05 | 0.91±0.06 | 23.90±4.50 | 61.77±5.99 |
| CRLB1 | 49.11±4.30 | 0.72 | 0.42 | 7.91 | 0.83±0.16 | 7.58±0.46 | 0.53±0.05 | 0.71±0.05 | 21.80±4.10 | 61.06±3.73 |
| Elio | 44.48±5.99 | 0.72 | 0.39 | 7.53 | 6.42±0.44 | 5.98±0.37 | 0.41±0.04 | 0.76±0.06 | 22.90±4.30 | 60.39±5.87 |
| Enr-18126 | 68.57±27.12 | 0.72 | 0.38 | 9.35 | 3.40±2.93 | 7.34±0.45 | 0.22±0.04 | 0.70±0.05 | 17.70±3.50 | 58.45±5.83 |
| Iarim | 55.43±30.14 | 0.74 | 0.38 | 8.40 | 3.83±2.30 | 7.36±0.45 | 0.59±0.05 | 0.92±0.06 | 24.40±4.50 | 58.00±9.29 |
| Low Glycemic Index | ||||||||||
| Enr-18215 | 0.73 | 0.40 | 0.77±0.25 | 6.69±0.41 | 0.46±0.04 | 0.88±0.06 | 12.00±2.70 | 54.26±6.79 | ||
| Enr-18328 | 90.62±12.61 | 0.73 | 0.40 | 10.74 | 0.53±0.26 | 6.91±0.42 | 0.35±0.04 | 0.77±0.06 | 23.40±4.40 | 53.56±5.01 |
| Argo | 77.87±7.50 | 0.71 | 0.41 | 9.96 | 6.72±0.39 | 7.37±0.45 | 0.46±0.04 | 1.08±0.07 | 20.30±3.90 | 50.55±7.17 |
| Enr-18433 | 0.72 | 0.40 | 0.44±0.22 | 6.09±0.37 | 0.56±0.05 | 0.87±0.06 | 18.70±3.70 | 49.21±5.59 | ||
| Selenio | 107.77±24.93 | 0.71 | 0.43 | 0.40±0.28 | 6.33±0.39 | 0.21±0.04 | 0.69±0.05 | 14.60±3.00 | 49.15±6.55 | |
Values ± standard deviation are reported. Missing values are due to the particularly compact nature of the starch granules, which the algorithm could not properly process.