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. 2024 Jan 5;16:1305208. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1305208

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Copyright © 2024 Bian, Wang, Wang and Lou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The improved prognosis of ND patients may be related to the reduction of central toxicity of KP by exercise. Exercise promotes the expression of KATs in skeletal muscle and converts peripheral KYN to KYNA. While peripherally generated KYNA may not exert positive effects by crossing the blood-brain barrier, the reduction of KYN/Trp indirectly lowers central KYN intake, thereby mitigating the central toxicity of the KP metabolites. Additionally, KATs within astrocytes can promote KYNA production, contributing to a range of neuroprotective effects.