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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Laryngoscope. 2023 Jul 19;134(1):318–323. doi: 10.1002/lary.30878

Table 3:

Interrater Reliability for PIL Performance Evaluation Criteria

Cohen’s kappa
Trans-thyrohyoid approach
 Palpate appropriate landmarks 0.38
 Needle insertion 0.44
 Injection into appropriate location 0.52
Trans-cricothyroid approach
 Palpate appropriate landmarks 0.29
 Needle insertion 0.37
 Injection into appropriate location 0.33
Global surgical technique
 Respect for tissues 0.36
 Time/motion 0.40
 Instrument handling 0.29
 Flow of operation 0.30