Table 3.

Overview of measured outcomes of the 16 included studies.

Participants	Study setting	Main outcome	Study
Female	Earth (dry immersion)	menstrual cycle, endocrine parameters	Gorbacheva et al.24
Female	Earth (dry immersion)	menstrual cycle	Tomilovskaya et al.32
Female	Earth (clinostat)	endometrial stromal cells	Cho et al.12
Mixed sample	Earth (head-down bed rest)	endocrine parameters	Strollo et al.27
Mixed sample	Space	venous thromboembolism risk	Zwart et al.34
Male	Earth (parabolic flight)	sperm	Boada et al.35; Ikeuchi et al.31
Male	Earth (ionizing radiation occupational exposure)	sperm	Kumar et al.22; Zhou et al.23
Male	Earth (head-down bed rest)	endocrine parameters	Liang et al.28; Smith et al.30; Zachwieja et al.10
Male	Earth (bed rest)	endocrine parameters	Belavy et al.6; Smorawinski et al.29
Male	Earth (water submersion)	endocrine parameters	Loder et al.25
Male	Space	endocrine parameters	Smith et al.30
Male	Space	offspring sex ratio	Little et al.33