Table 4.
Daily fluid intake of participants with different characteristics in different time periods.
| Total | Males | Females | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Morning | Afternoon | Evening | Morning | Afternoon | Evening | Morning | Afternoon | Evening | ||||||||||
| Fluid intake (mL) | Times | Fluid intake (mL) | Times | Fluid intake (mL) | Times | Fluid intake (mL) | Times | Fluid intake | Times | Fluid intake (mL) | Times | Fluid intake (mL) | Times | Fluid intake (mL) | Times | Fluid intake (mL) | Times | |
| Total | 594 (281) | 3.0 (1.3) | 305 (223) | 1.7 (1.1) | 342 (224) | 2.0 (1.3) | 584 (280) | 3.0 (1.4) | 301 (212) | 1.7 (1.1) | 350 (247) | 2.0 (1.3) | 600 (287) | 3.0 (1.3) | 307 (233) | 1.7 (1.3) | 329 (211) | 2.0 (1.4) |
| Z | 0.998 | 1.674 | 0.491 | 0.033 | 1.267 | 0.707 | ||||||||||||
| p | 0.318 | 0.094 | 0.623 | 0.974 | 0.205 | 0.480 | ||||||||||||
| Cities | ||||||||||||||||||
| Taiyuan | 679 (353)b | 3.0 (1.4)b | 357 (275) | 1.6 (1.1)a | 350 (248) | 1.9 (1.5)a | 669 (319) | 3.0 (1.6) | 326 (239) | 1.6 (1.0) | 374 (270)a | 2.0 (1.3) | 715 (388)a | 3.2 (1.3)a | 368 (338) | 1.6 (1.1) | 319 (228) | 1.7 (1.6) |
| Jinan | 568 (398)a | 2.6 (1.3)a | 301 (296) | 1.4 (1.1)b | 349 (283) | 1.9 (1.3)a | 536 (378) | 2.6 (1.3) | 301 (332) | 1.5 (1.6) | 359 (287)a | 1.9 (1.0) | 599 (416)b | 2.6 (1.7)b | 290 (328) | 1.4 (1.1) | 342 (296) | 1.9 (1.3) |
| Hefei | 540 (211)c | 3.0 (1.0)b | 300 (184) | 1.7 (1.1)a | 324 (178) | 2.1 (1.1)b | 559 (219) | 3.0 (0.9) | 291 (177) | 1.7 (1.0) | 311 (172)b | 2.0 (1.2) | 537 (216)c | 3.0 (1.0)c | 301 (189) | 1.6 (1.1) | 338 (174) | 1.4 (2.1) |
| Nanchang | 604 (372)a | 3.0 (1.4)b | 300 (296) | 1.9 (1.5)a | 371 (284) | 2.1 (1.3)b | 587 (376) | 3.0 (0.9) | 300 (286) | 1.9 (1.2) | 400 (292)c | 2.2 (1.3) | 629 (326)d | 3.1 (1.4)a | 296 (328) | 1.9 (1.9) | 339 (270) | 2.0 (1.2) |
| Guangzhou | 586 (154)a | 3.4 (1.0)b | 298 (150) | 2.0 (1.1)c | 304 (171) | 2.1 (1.1)b | 580 (164) | 3.7 (1.0) | 313 (160) | 2.0 (1.1) | 336 (187)d | 2.3 (1.4) | 587 (148)e | 3.3 (0.9)d | 296 (152) | 1.9 (1.0) | 299 (161) | 2.1 (1.4) |
| H | 14.540 | 37.028 | 8.524 | 17.953 | 9.451 | 12.435 | 4.167 | 1.984 | 2.321 | 1.780 | 9.792 | 0.803 | 11.503 | 16.125 | 7.358 | 8.847 | 3.835 | 5.980 |
| p | 0.006* | <0.001* | 0.074 | 0.001* | 0.051 | 0.014* | 0.384 | 0.576 | 0.677 | 0.619 | 0.044* | 0.849 | 0.021* | 0.003* | 0.118 | 0.065 | 0.429 | 0.201 |
| Age (y) | ||||||||||||||||||
| ≥60, <65 | 595 (275) | 3.0 (1.3) | 301 (250) | 1.8 (1.3) | 332 (200) | 2.0 (1.1) | 550 (264) | 3.0 (1.4) | 280 (160) | 1.8 (0.9) | 339 (253) | 2.1 (1.3) | 616 (281) | 3.1 (1.3) | 320 (264) | 1.8 (1.6) | 326 (189) | 2.0 (1.3) |
| ≥65, <70 | 593 (293) | 3.0 (1.4) | 308 (211) | 1.7 (1.1) | 333 (257) | 2.0 (1.2) | 613 (412) | 3.0 (0.9) | 300 (179) | 1.6 (0.9) | 343 (261) | 2.0 (0.7) | 590 (264) | 3.0 (1.5) | 308 (216) | 1.7 (1.4) | 327 (270) | 2.0 (1.6) |
| ≥70, <75 | 591 (301) | 3.1 (1.1) | 301 (257) | 1.9 (1.3) | 331 (239) | 2.0 (1.1) | 592 (263) | 3.0 (1.5) | 331 (287) | 1.9 (1.3) | 359 (320) | 2.1 (1.3) | 586 (351) | 3.1 (1.1) | 279 (232) | 1.6 (1.3) | 314 (176) | 2.0 (1.1) |
| ≥75, <80 | 611 (284) | 3.0 (1.4) | 304 (206) | 1.6 (1.1) | 356 (187) | 2.1 (1.3) | 551 (298) | 3.0 (1.4) | 304 (195) | 1.6 (1.1) | 356 (172) | 2.1 (1.3) | 631 (285) | 3.1 (1.3) | 304 (241) | 1.8 (1.1) | 355 (236) | 2.4 (1.5) |
| H | 0.396 | 2.753 | 0.206 | 1.566 | 1.475 | 3.019 | 1.698 | 1.984 | 1.907 | 1.780 | 0.146 | 0.803 | 1.357 | 2.486 | 2.784 | 1.509 | 1.325 | 2.882 |
| p | 0.941 | 0.431 | 0.977 | 0.667 | 0.688 | 0.389 | 0.637 | 0.576 | 0.592 | 0.619 | 0.986 | 0.849 | 0.716 | 0.478 | 0.426 | 0.680 | 0.723 | 0.410 |
| BMI(kg/m2) | ||||||||||||||||||
| 17.8 ~ 24.4 | 619 (262) | 3.1 (1.3)a | 299 (218) | 1.9 (1.1) | 333 (220) | 2.0 (1.6) | 596 (237) | 3.0 (1.3) | 316 (215) | 2.0 (1.3) | 364 (225) | 2.4 (1.3) | 621 (262) | 3.1 (1.1)a | 296 (200) | 1.7 (1.3) | 294 (173) | 1.9 (1.4) |
| 24.5 ~ 25.7 | 599 (264) | 3.0 (1.3)b | 316 (211) | 1.7 (1.1) | 371 (219) | 2.1 (1.3) | 587 (269) | 3.0 (1.1) | 314 (221) | 1.6 (1.1) | 371 (240) | 2.0 (1.3) | 593 (279) | 3.1 (1.1)a | 307 (229) | 1.9 (1.3) | 366 (211) | 2.3 (1.6) |
| 25.8 ~ 27.7 | 600 (339) | 3.0 (1.4)b | 316 (246) | 1.7 (1.3) | 346 (266) | 2.0 (1.3) | 589 (310) | 3.0 (1.3) | 316 (244) | 1.6 (1.1) | 330 (353) | 2.1 (1.3) | 614 (317) | 3.3 (1.3)b | 321 (277) | 1.9 (1.3) | 381 (201) | 2.1 (1.6) |
| 27.7 ~ 36.6 | 530 (287) | 3.0 (1.1)c | 300 (237) | 1.6 (1.4) | 317 (197) | 1.9 (1.1) | 540 (278) | 3.0 (1.1) | 299 (180) | 1.6 (1.3) | 343 (191) | 1.9 (0.8) | 530 (304) | 3.0 (1.3)a | 309 (251) | 1.6 (1.4) | 314 (197) | 1.9 (1.4) |
| H | 4.330 | 12.806 | 0.351 | 2.103 | 3.876 | 6.008 | 6.964 | 6.118 | 0.036 | 5.681 | 1.086 | 6.964 | 3.077 | 8.355 | 0.301 | 0.740 | 6.695 | 5.337 |
| p | 0.228 | 0.005* | 0.950 | 0.551 | 0.275 | 0.111 | 0.073 | 0.106 | 0.998 | 0.128 | 0.780 | 0.073 | 0.380 | 0.039* | 0.960 | 0.864 | 0.082 | 0.149 |
Values presented as median (quartile ranges) and compared using the Kruskal–Wallis H test. The four groups of BMI were divided according to the quartile range of BMI. *Means that there was significant difference among participants in different cities/BMI groups, as the value of p was less than 0.05. a–eThe same symbol indicates that there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups; different symbols indicate that the differences were statistically significant between the two groups. BMI, body mass index (kg/m2). Fluid intake (mL).