Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study’s cohort.
| Sample | ED/hospitalization=yes | ED/hospitalization=no | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 47 | N = 8 | N = 39 | |
| Age | |||
| Gender | |||
| Female | 24(51%) | 4(50%) | 20(48%) |
| Male | 23(49%) | 4(50%) | 19(48%) |
| Race | |||
| Asian | 4(8%) | 0(-) | 4(10%) |
| Black | 26(56%) | 4(50%) | 22(56%) |
| Hispanic | 3(6%) | 1(12%) | 2(5%) |
| White | 14(30%) | 3(37%) | 11(28%) |
| Insurance | |||
| Patient has private insurance | 10(21%) | 0(-) | 10(25%) |
| Patient has managed Medicare | 16(34%) | 5(62%) | 11(28%) |
| Patient has Medicaid | 2(4%) | 0(-) | 2(5%) |
| Patient has FFS Medicare | 15(31%) | 2(25%) | 13(33%) |
| Living alone: yes | 21(44 %) | 4(50%) | 17(43%) |
| Status of most problematic surgical wound that is observable | |||
| Newly epithelialized | 27(58%) | 6(75%) | 21(53%) |
| Fully granulating | 5(10%) | 0(-) | 5(12%) |
| Early/partial granulation | 2(4%) | 2(25%) | 0(-) |
| Not healing | 13(27%) | 0(-) | 13(33%) |
| Frequency of pain | |||
| Sometimes but do not interfere with daily activities | 13(22%) | 3(37%) | 10(25%) |
| Daily but not consistently | 33(71%) | 5(62%) | 28(71%) |
| Always | 1(2%) | 0(-) | 1(2%) |
| Ambulation/locomotion | |||
| Able to walk independently | 2(4%) | 0(-) | 2(5%) |
| With the use of a handed device | 5(11%) | 0(-) | 5(15%) |
| Able to walk only with the supervision | 35(74%) | 6(75%) | 27(69%) |
| Chairfast/bedfast | 5(11%) | 2(25%) | 3(10%) |
| Other clinical conditions | |||
| Presence of renal disease: yes | 5(10%) | 2(25%) | 3(7%) |
| Risk of fall: yes | 22(46%) | 5(62%) | 17(43%) |
| Impaired vision: yes | 7(14%) | 2(25%) | 5(12%) |
| Patients have cancer: yes | 7(14%) | 1(12%) | 6(15%) |
| The patient has a surgical wound: yes | 23(48%) | 3(37%) | 20(51%) |
| Patient received instruction on special precautions for all high-risk medications: yes | 43(91%) | 7(87%) | 36(92%) |
| Diabetes with chronic complications: yes | 8(17%) | 4(50%) | 4(10%) |
| peripheral vascular disease: yes | 3(6%) | 1(12%) | 2(5%) |
| Frequency of disruptive behavior symptoms | |||
| Never | 45(95%) | 8(100%) | 37(94%) |
| Once or less than once in a month | 2(5%) | 0(-) | 2(5%) |
| Activities of daily living (ADL)for instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) | |||
| Completely independent | 1(2%) | 0(-) | 1(2%) |
| A level of assistance required | 11(23%) | 0(-) | 11(28%) |
| Completely dependent | 35(75%) | 8(100%) | 27(69%) |
| Management of oral medications | |||
| Able to independently take the correct oral medication(s) | 4(9%) | 0(-) | 4(10%) |
| Able to take medication(s) at the correct times with assistance from caregivers | 10(21%) | 2(255) | 8(20%) |
| Unable to take medication unless administered by another person | 33(70%) | 6(75%) | 27(69%) |
| Feeding or eating ability | |||
| Able to independently feed self. | 9(19%) | 0(-) | 9(76%) |
| Be assisted or supervised throughout the meal/snack | 38(81%) | 8(100%) | 30(76%) |
| Unable to take in nutrients orally | 0(-) | 0(-) | 0(-) |