Table 2. Outcomes at Baseline, 1-Year Follow-Up, and 5-Year Follow-Up in the Matched Cohort.
| Outcome | STN-DBS | MED | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 1-y FU | 5-y FU | Baseline vs 1-y FUa | Baseline vs 5-y FUa | Baseline vs 1-YFU vs 5-YFU, P valueb | Baseline | 1-y FU | 5-y FU | Baseline vs 1-y FUa | Baseline vs 5-y FUa | Baseline vs 1-y vs 5-y FU, P valueb | STN-DBS vs MED, Δ (95% CI)c | ||||||||||||
| No. | Mean (SD) | No. | Mean (SD) | No. | Mean (SD) | P value | Δ (95% CI) | P value | Δ (95% CI) | No. | Mean (SD) | No. | Mean (SD) | No. | Mean (SD) | P value | Δ (95% CI) | P value | Δ (95% CI) | P value | ||||
| PDQ-8 Summary Index | 24 | 30.2 (14.8) | 25 | 22.5 (16.2) | 23 | 33.3 (18.2) | .01d | 7.3 (1.6 to 13.0) | .34 | −4.3 (−13.2 to 4.7) | .02d | 25 | 23.9 (15.3) | 23 | 25.1 (14.9) | 23 | 35.7 (18.4) | .71 | −1.0 (−6.1 to 4.2) | .02d | −10.9 (−19.0 to −2.7) | .01d | .26 | −6.6 (−18.4 to 5.1) |
| UPDRS–motor examination | 25 | 32.5 (13.3) | 23 | 30.1 (11.6) | 17 | 32.5 (14.3) | .11 | 3.7 (−0.9 to 8.2) | .43 | 2.0 (−3.2 to 7.2) | .14 | 25 | 31.2 (14.5) | 23 | 30.2 (13.9) | 24 | 35.5 (15.7) | .71 | 0.9 (−4.2 to 6.1) | .16 | −4.0 (−9.7 to 1.7) | .21 | .13 | −6.0 (−13.9 to 1.9) |
| SCOPA-M total | 25 | 21.9 (8.7) | 23 | 17.7 (8.7) | 17 | 20.5 (10.8) | .003d | 4.8 (1.8 to 7.8) | .20 | 1.9 (−1.1 to 5.0) | .009d | 25 | 21.0 (9.3) | 23 | 19.0 (9.1) | 23 | 25.1 (9.9) | .31 | 1-6 (−1.6 to 4.8) | .008d | −4.5 (−7.4 to −1.6) | .002d | .003d | −6.4 (−10.6 to −2.3) |
| SCOPA-M activities of daily living | 25 | 6.9 (3.6) | 25 | 5.1 (3.5) | 25 | 7.7 (4.2) | .02d | 1.8 (0.3 to 3.4) | .38 | −0.8 (−2.5 to 1.0) | .009d | 25 | 6.7 (3.1) | 23 | 6.3 (3.5) | 23 | 8.4 (3.7) | .66 | 0.2 (−0.8 to 1.2) | .006d | −2.0 (−3.1 to −0.8) | .002d | .25 | −1.2 (−3.3 to 0.9) |
| SCOPA-M motor Complications, median (IQR) | 25 | 3.0 (1.0 to 5.0) | 25 | 0.0 (0.0 to 2.0) | 25 | 2.0 (0.0 to 3.0) | .001d | −1.5 (−2.5 to 0.0) | .01d | −1.5 (−2.5 to 0.0) | .009d | 25 | (3.0) (2.0 to 5.0) | 24 | (2.0) (1.0 to 3.0) | 24 | (4.0) (2.5 to 5.0) | .04d | −1.0 (−2.0 to 0.0) | .04d | 1.0 (0.0 to 2.0) | .002d | .003d | −2.0 (−4.0 to −1.0) |
| LEDD | 25 | 991.7 (447.2) | 25 | 374.7 (260.4) | 24 | 525.4 (395.3) | <.001d | 617.0 (417.6 to 816.3) | <.001d | 480.5 (247.4 to 713.5) | <.001d | 25 | 920.5 (344.5) | 22 | 1077.2 (416.2) | 25 | 1034.0 (597.0) | .01d | −188.8 (−333.8 to −43.8) | <.001d | −340.9 (−521.7 to −160.1) | <.001d | <.001d | −821.4 (−1111.9 to −530.8) |
Abbreviations: FU, follow-up; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose; MED, standard-of-care medical treatment; PDQ-8, Parkinson Disease Questionnaire 8; SCOPA-M, Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson Disease–motor scale; STN-DBS, subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale.
Wilcoxon signed-rank test or paired t tests between baseline and follow-up to analyze within-group changes of outcome parameters.
Friedman test or repeated-measures analysis of variance when parametric test criteria were fulfilled.
Mann-Whitney U tests or repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to explore between-group differences of change scores (baseline vs 5-year follow-up) between the STN-DBS and MED group. Δ is the mean parameterMED – mean parameterSTN-DBS.
Statistically significant.