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. 2023 Nov 28;11(3):2303317. doi: 10.1002/advs.202303317

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Conduction‐dominated cryomesh for cryopreservation. A) Droplets convectively cooled in LN2 show ice formation due to the nitrogen vapor layer that forms. B) The convection‐dominated cryomesh shows ice formation due to slower heat transfer through the nylon mesh. C) The conduction‐dominated cryomesh achieves vitrified droplets through enhanced heat transfer through the cryomesh and modified plunging techniques. CPA droplet volume is 1 µL, and the scale bars are 300 µm. Red solid arrows show the direction of heat transfer. The dashed arrow shows the gravity direction. Left/bottom of the dashed line shows the ice/glass state, right/top of the dashed line shows the thermal gradient. The temperature bar is not to scale. D) Conduction‐dominated cryomesh enables cooling rates above the critical cooling rate (CCR) for coral larvae, Drosophila embryo, and zebrafish embryo vitrification for a range of CPAs. The size of the dots (not to scale) represents biosystem size of 50 (blue), 500 (red), and 800 µm (black).