. 2023 Dec 22;24(2):657–668. doi: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01007

Table 1. Percentage of CaCO₃ Polymorphs, Organic Matrix Content, Grain Size, Surface Area, and Crystallite Size of gCC, Oyster Shell, Scallop Shell, and Clam Shell Powder after Dry Ball Milling and Sieving at Ø < 45 μm with Instrumental Error Reported.

Sample	Calcite (wt %)^a	Aragonite (wt %)^a	ACC (wt %)^b	O.M. (wt %)	D₅₀ (μm)	S. A. (m²/g)	d₍₁₀₄₎/d₍₁₁₁₎^c (nm)
geo CaCO₃	100 ± 2	–	0 ± 2	0 ± 0.1	8.34	4.3	14.4 ± 0.2
oyster shell	97 ± 2	–	3 ± 2	0.7 ± 0.1	8.13	7.6	13.9 ± 0.2
scallop shell	90 ± 2	4 ± 2	6 ± 2	0.9 ± 0.1	15.54	6.6	13.7 ± 0.2
clam shell	7 ± 2	89 ± 2	4 ± 2	0.6 ± 0.1	13.80	7.3	15.8 ± 0.2/12.3 ± 0.3

Percentage of crystalline phases.

Percentage of ACC in the particles.

The crystallite size was calculated along the (104) and the (111) zone axis for calcite and aragonite, respectively. O.M. indicates intraskeletal organic matter and water. D₅₀ indicates that up to 50% percent of the total particles have a grain size smaller than the reported value. S.A. indicates specific surface area. d_(hkl) indicates the size of the crystalline domain along the direction indicated by the Miller indices.

Table 1. Percentage of CaCO3 Polymorphs, Organic Matrix Content, Grain Size, Surface Area, and Crystallite Size of gCC, Oyster Shell, Scallop Shell, and Clam Shell Powder after Dry Ball Milling and Sieving at Ø < 45 μm with Instrumental Error Reported.

Table 1. Percentage of CaCO₃ Polymorphs, Organic Matrix Content, Grain Size, Surface Area, and Crystallite Size of gCC, Oyster Shell, Scallop Shell, and Clam Shell Powder after Dry Ball Milling and Sieving at Ø < 45 μm with Instrumental Error Reported.