Table 4.

Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Covariate Effects on Stimulant Receipt Among Long-COVID Cohort

Parameter		Hazard Ratio	95% Confidence Limits
Long-COVID Code		0.679	0.392	1.177
Depression Code		0.804	0.657	0.985
ADHD* Code		7.196	5.749	9.007
Malaise and Fatigue Code		0.711	0.581	0.871
Concentration and Memory Impairment Code		1.126	0.913	1.390
Patient Age (Ref: 90 +)
	18-25	7.023	1.727	28.548
	26-35	8.253	2.041	33.376
	36-45	5.679	1.400	23.025
	46-55	4.064	1.001	16.492
	56-65	2.120	0.518	8.668
	66-89	1.613	0.393	6.613
Patient Regional Location (Ref: West South Central)
	East North Central	0.708	0.520	0.965
	Middle Atlantic	1.178	0.880	1.576
	Mountain	0.790	0.506	1.235
	New England	1.777	1.162	2.719
	Pacific	1.890	0.898	3.975
	South Atlantic	1.096	0.803	1.497
	West North Central	1.630	1.204	2.207
Sex (Ref: Male)
	Female	1.104	0.939	1.297
	Asian	0.474	0.254	0.888
	Black or African American	0.417	0.321	0.541
	Pacific Islander/Native American	0.613	0.196	1.917
Anorexia		1.487	0.363	6.095
Insomnia		1.021	0.727	1.433
Narcolepsy		3.337	1.915	5.815
HIV*		1.012	0.554	1.849
Cancer (including in situ carcinoma)		1.123	0.896	1.408
Delusional Disorders		0.741	0.380	1.447
Mood Disorders		1.649	1.336	2.035
Alcohol Related Disorders		1.045	0.603	1.811
Opioid Related Disorders		2.140	1.264	3.621
Sedative Related Disorders		2.205	0.748	6.504
Stimulant Related Disorders		1.075	0.402	2.871
Nicotine Related Disorders		0.825	0.615	1.106
Cannabis Related Disorders		0.404	0.145	1.126
Hallucinogen and Other Related Disorders		0.663	0.358	1.226

^**Abbreviations. ADHD: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder HIV: Human Immundodeficiency Virus