Table 3.
Sarcoidosis Biomarkers identified in Omics studies that have been assessed for their potential to accurately distinguish disease groups.
| Omics | Biosample | Cohort | Biomarker & Statistics | Validation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transcriptomics (53) | Alveolar macrophages/microarray/Japan | 107 SA, 89 Ctl | CTSS (AUC=0.80, sen 0.70, spe 0.78) for differentiating SA from other lung diseases | No |
| Transcriptomics (54) | Lung samples/RNAseq/ China |
21 SA, 5 Ctl | PTGER4 (0.96), AKR1C1(0.91), PLA2G6(0.89), AKR1C3 (0.86), LTA4H (0.88), PLA2G7 (0.87), and combined 0.91 for diagnosis | No |
| Proteomics (55) | Serum/2-DE, MALDI-TOF-MS/Netherlands | 35 SA, 35 Ctl | ACE 0.78 (sen 0.71, spe 0.71), sIL-2R 0.67 (sen 0.63, spe 0.57), α-2chain of haptoglobin (sen 0.74, spe 0.71) | No |
| Proteomics (56) | Serum & lung tissues/LC-MS, ELISA/China | 64 SA, 99 Ctl | Amyloid A (AUC=0.76, sen 0.96, spe 0.53) for diagnosis | No |
| Proteomics (57) | BAL, sera/microarray/Sweden | 40 SA, 49 Ctl | ZNF688 (AUC=0.79), ARFGAP1 (AUC=0.76) for diagnosis. | Yes |
| Proteomics (23) | Serum EVs/LC-MS/Japan | 7 SA, 5 Ctl | CD14 (AUC=0.81), LBP (AUC=0.84), ACE (AUC=0.88), sIL-2R (AUC=0.88), ACE+CD14 (AUC=0.96), ACE+LBP (AUC=0.96), combined 4 markers (AUC=0.98) for diagnosis. | Yes. 46 SA, 10 Ctl |
| Metabolomic (58) | Saliva/NMR/France | 24 SA, 45 Ctl | Six metabolites were altered in SA, including methanol/D, butyrate/D, lactate/U, acetate/U, and N-butyrate/U. Cross-validation AUC=0.87 | Yes |
| Metabolomic (59) | Plasma/LC-MS/USA | 67 SA: 31 LF | Discriminating metabolites involved collagen pathway metabolites, the arginine-proline pathway. p-coumaroylagmatine and palmitoylcarnitine are markers for LF. AUC=0.92 (73%, 93%) for separating lung fibrosis | No |
| Metabolomic (60) | Plasma/NMR/Canada | 43 PS: 30 civilians, 13 veterans | Six metabolites and 33 elements differ between two groups. AUC=1.0 for both NMR and LC-MS (100%, 100%) and 0.97 (91%, 90%) for ICP-MS to differ two groups | No |
SA, sarcoidosis; Ctl, controls; EVs, extracellular vesicles; LC-MS, Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry; 2-DE, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis; MALDI-TOF-MS, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry; AUC, area under the curve; CTSS, cathepsin-S.