Table 1.
Demographics and clinical features of whole cohort
| Females (n = 159) | Males (n = 263) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at baseline visit | 75.0 (9.81) | 72.7 (8.62) | 0.040* |
| Years of education | 16.9 (13.5) | 16.5 (5.97) | 0.73 |
| Ethnicity, Hispanic (%) | 3 (1.9%) | 9 (3.4%) | 0.73 |
| Race (%) | 0.1 | ||
| -Asian | 2 (1.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| -Black or African American | 11 (6.9%) | 7 (2.7%) | |
| -White | 146 (91.8%) | 254 (96.6%) | |
| Age at last visit | 79.6 (10.7) | 76.9 (9.34) | 0.023* |
| Age at death | 81.6 (10.2) | 78.7 (9.30) | 0.017* |
| Follow-up duration, years | 4.63 (3.65) | 4.16 (2.93) | 0.22 |
| Age at cognitive decline onset | 70.8 (10.9) | 68.3 (9.45) | 0.040* |
| Cognitive state at baseline visit (%) | 0.023* | ||
| -Normal cognition | 35 (22.0%) | 21 (8.0%) | |
| -Cognitively impaired but not MCI | 3 (1.9%) | 3 (1.1%) | |
| -MCI | 32 (20.1%) | 67 (25.5%) | |
| -Dementia | 89 (56.0%) | 172 (65.4%) | |
| Cognitive state at last visit (%) | 0.058 | ||
| -Normal cognition | 18 (11.3%) | 12 (4.6%) | |
| -Cognitively impaired but not MCI | 5 (3.1%) | 5 (1.9%) | |
| -MCI | 13 (8.2%) | 22 (8.4%) | |
| -Dementia | 123 (77.4%) | 224 (85.2%) | |
| CDR®–SOB at last visit | 10.2 (6.90) | 10.8 (6.09) | 0.5 |
| NPI-Q at last visit | 5.38 (5.50) | 7.70 (6.88) | 0.005* |
| Clinical diagnosis of Lewy body disease (%) | 41 (25.8%) | 113 (43.0%) | 0.005* |
| -Parkinson’s disease | 16 (10.1%) | 55 (20.9%) | 0.017* |
| -Parkinson’s disease dementia | 9 (5.7%) | 41 (15.6%) | 0.017* |
| -Dementia with Lewy bodies | 25 (15.7%) | 58 (22.1%) | 0.18 |
| Clinical diagnosis of AD (%) | 109 (68.6%) | 191 (72.6%) | 0.5 |
| Cognitive fluctuations during FU (%) | 44 (32.6%) | 109 (44.3%) | 0.058 |
| Visual hallucinations during FU (%) | 61 (38.6%) | 105 (40.1%) | 0.82 |
| REM sleep behavior disorder during FU (%) | 29 (21.6%) | 97 (39.9%) | 0.005* |
| Parkinsonism during FU (%) | 71 (47.3%) | 156 (60.9%) | 0.024* |
| Interval between last visit and death, months | 24.5 (25.2) | 22.6 (24.1) | 0.55 |
All variables are reported as mean (standard deviation) or count (percentage). Group comparisons were performed using χ2, t and Mann–Whitney U (cognitive state) tests, as appropriate. Statistical significance is bolded and marked with * for FDR-corrected p < .05
AD Alzheimer’s disease, CDR®–SOB CDR® Dementia Staging Instrument–Sum of Boxes, FU follow-up, MCI mild cognitive impairment, NPI-Q Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire