Table 3.
Features of people who did not have a dementia diagnosis at baseline and were diagnosed with dementia during follow-up
| Females (n = 40) | Males (n = 58) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical features at first visit with dementia | |||
| Age | 80.4 (8.96) | 77.9 (10.6) | 0.42 |
| Years of education | 16.9 (13.5) | 16.6 (3.08) | 0.9 |
| CDR®–SOB | 6.83 (5.69) | 5.54 (3.76) | 0.36 |
| NPI-Q | 4.82 (5.55) | 5.35 (5.04) | 0.81 |
| Clinical diagnosis of Lewy body dementia (%) | 7 (17.5%) | 20 (34.5%) | 0.27 |
| -Parkinson’s disease dementia | 3 (7.5%) | 7 (12.1%) | 0.69 |
| -Dementia with Lewy bodies | 4 (10.0%) | 13 (22.4%) | 0.27 |
| Clinical diagnosis of AD (%) | 31 (77.5%) | 42 (72.4%) | 0.79 |
| Cognitive fluctuations (%) | 7 (21.2%) | 16 (30.2%) | 0.59 |
| Visual hallucinations (%) | 7 (17.9%) | 11 (19.0%) | 0.9 |
| REM sleep behavior disorder (%) | 2 (5.9%) | 13 (24.5%) | 0.15 |
| Parkinsonism (%) | 7 (18.4%) | 26 (46.4%) | 0.072 |
| Neuropathological features | |||
| Lewy body pathology stage (%) | 0.83 | ||
| -Brainstem-predominant | 2 (5.0%) | 7 (12.1%) | |
| -Limbic (transitional) | 14 (35.0%) | 17 (29.3%) | |
| -Neocortical (diffuse) | 24 (60.0%) | 34 (58.6%) | |
| Level of substantia nigra neuron loss (%) | 0.89 | ||
| -None | 8 (20%) | 9 (15.5%) | |
| -Mild | 10 (25.0%) | 17 (29.3%) | |
| -Moderate | 13 (32.5%) | 18 (31.0%) | |
| -Severe | 9 (22.5%) | 14 (24.1%) | |
| AD neuropathologic change (%) | 0.27 | ||
| -None | 0 (0%) | 4 (6.9%) | |
| -Low | 7 (17.5%) | 4 (6.9%) | |
| -Intermediate | 6 (15.0%) | 23 (39.7%) | |
| -High | 27 (67.5%) | 27 (46.6%) | |
| Thal amyloid phase | 4.43 (0.98) | 3.79 (1.41) | 0.072 |
| Braak tau stage | 4.75 (1.69) | 4.45 (1.39) | 0.27 |
| CERAD neuritic plaque score | 2.38 (1.01) | 2.17 (0.94) | 0.27 |
| Presence of ischemic, hemorrhagic or vascular pathology (%) | 40 (100%) | 58 (100%) | N/A |
All variables are reported as mean (standard deviation) or count (percentage). Group comparisons were performed using χ2, Mann–Whitney U and t tests, as appropriate. Statistical significance is bolded and marked with * for FDR-corrected p < 0.05
AD Alzheimer’s disease, CDR®–SOB CDR® Dementia Staging Instrument–Sum of Boxes, NPI-Q Neuropsychiatric Inventory-Questionnaire, N/A not applicable