Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of participants

Characteristic	Non-stone formers (n = 7171)	Stone formers (n = 833)	P-value
Age (years)	49.75 ± 17.36	57.84 ± 15.8	< 0.001
Gender, n (%)			< 0.001
Male	51.18	29.05
Female	48.82	70.95
Race, n (%)			< 0.001
Mexican American	11.49	12.85
Other Race	27.36	24.13
Non-Hispanic White	33.80	42.38
Non- Hispanic Black	27.35	20.65
Education lever, n (%)			0.380
Less than high school	18.32	16.93
High school	24.15	26.05
More than high school	57.52	57.02
Marital status, n (%)			0.449
Cohabitation	41.82	40.46
Solitude	58.18	59.54
PIR	2.62 ± 1.52	2.56 ± 1.46	0.344
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	109.32 ± 64.88	115.77 ± 66.06	0.007
Sedentary time (min)	328.00 ± 199.49	353.03 ± 206.52	< 0.001
Alcohol consumption, n (%)			< 0.001
Yes	40.96	52.22
No	45.75	34.09
Unclear	13.29	13.69
Smoked, n (%)			0.007
Yes	58.76	53.90
No	41.24	46.10
Diabetic, n (%)			< 0.001
Yes	83.32	71.91
No	16.68	28.09
Hypertension, n (%)			< 0.001
Yes	63.76	45.26
No	36.24	54.74
Total Energy, n (%)			< 0.001
Lower (< 1915.5 kcal)	39.21	47.18
Higher (≥ 1915.5 kcal)	40.55	35.65
Unclear	20.23	17.17
Total Sugar, n (%)			0.079
Lower (< 88.3 g)	40.02	40.22
Higher (≥ 88.3 g)	39.74	42.62
Unclear	20.23	17.17
Total Fat, n (%)			0.014
Lower (< 77 g)	39.53	44.42
Higher (≥ 77 g)	40.23	38.42
Unclear	20.23	17.17
Total Water, n (%)			0.005
Lower (< 2523.5 g)	39.46	45.02
Higher (≥ 2523.5 g)	40.30	37.82
Unclear	20.23	17.17
Total Fiber, n (%)			0.004
Lower (< 14.5 g)	39.45	45.14
Higher (≥ 14.5 g)	40.32	37.70
Unclear	20.23	17.17
Caffeine consumption, n (%)			0.110
Lower (< 93 g)	39.90	41.30
Higher (≥ 93 g)	39.87	41.54
Unclear	20.23	17.17
WII	11.07 ± 0.86	11.56 ± 0.76	< 0.001

Mean ± SD for continuous variables: P value was calculated by weighted linear regression model

N(%) for categorical variables: P value was calculated by weighted chi-square test

PIR, income-to-poverty ratio; WWI, weight-adjusted-waist index