Table 3.

Association of PVAD Utilization With 30-Day Mortality and Cost of Hospitalization

PVAD use within HRRs	Quartile 1 (<17%)	Quartile 2 (17%-28%)	Quartile 3 (28%-38%)	Quartile 4 (>38%)	P value for trend
30-d mortality
Unadjusted	32.9%	32.7%	32.5%	30.6%	<0.001
Risk adjusted	31.5%	31.2%	31.3%	31.0%	0.074
Adjusted cost*	32 670	35 316	36 726	40 252	<0.001

HRR indicates hospital referral region; and PVAD, percutaneous ventricular assist device.

^*Information missing from 8 patients. The cost data represent the amount Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services would have paid for each patient before applying deductible, coinsurance, or other insurance. Hospital cost was derived from reimbursement based on diagnosis-related groups, which already account for severity of patient illness.