Table 1.
Basic characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Country | Number of patients (Experimental/Control) | Mean age, years (Experimental/Control) | Intervention |
Outcomes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Control group | |||||
| Li et al. (2017) 24 | China | 80/80 | 54.0 ± 8.9/52.0 ± 8.4 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to two times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
| Liu and Sun (2019) 11 | China | 67/67 | 50.0 ± 8.1/52.0 ± 7.8 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to two times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
| Wang et al. (2019) 12 | China | 120/120 | 50.0 ± 8.1/49.0 ± 7.5 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after VM; no mention of how many times conductedRate of adverse events |
| Zhang et al. (2020) 7 | China | 50/48 | 46.3 ± 12.0/45.5 ± 10.3 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to two times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
| Long et al. (2020) 8 | China | 33/33 | 58.0 ± 1.8/55.1 ± 2.2 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after VM; not mention of how many times conductedRate of adverse events |
| Wu et al. (2020) 13 | China | 45/43 | 66.9 ± 4.5/67.5 ± 5.3 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to two times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
| Song et al. (2020) 4 | China | 70/63 | 55 ± 7/56 ± 8 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to two times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
| Huang and Wang (2020) 14 | China | 34/34 | 56.0 ± 2.1/53.2 ± 1.9 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after VM; no mention of how many times conductedRate of adverse events |
| Wei and Cen (2021) 15 | China | 32/31 | 52.6 ± 3.6/52.3 ± 3.3 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to two times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
| Chen and Xie (2021) 17 | China | 46/46 | 61 ± 12/60 ± 11 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to five times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
| Lin et al. (2021) 18 | China | 41/40 | 45.7 ± 11.6/43.2 ± 10.5 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to five times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
| Zhang et al. (2021) 3 | China | 18/18 | 40.7 ± 16.3/40.7 ± 16.9 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after VM; no mention of how many times conductedRate of adverse events |
| Hu and Wu (2022) 19 | China | 30/30 | 42.1 ± 5.9/41.2 ± 6.3 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after VM; no mention of how many times conductedRate of adverse events |
| Appelboam et al. (2015) 20 | Britain | 214/214 | 55.1 ± 16.3/54.5 ± 16.8 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to two times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
| Çorbacıoğlu et al. (2017) 21 | Turkey | 28/28 | 44.3 ± 4.9/48.4 ± 5.0 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to three times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
| Youssef et al. (2019) 22 | Egypt | 30/30 | NR | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to two times in unresponsive patients |
| Ceylan et al. (2019) 23 | Turkey | 33/32 | 50.0 ± 6.25/61.0 ± 5.25 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after VM; no mention of how many times conducted |
| Chen et al. (2020) 6 | China | 119/119 | NR | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to three times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
| Wang et al. (2020) 16 | China | 180/181 | 51.0 ± 12.0/49.0 ± 13.6 | MVM | SVM | Success rate of achieving sinus rhythm after single VM, repeated up to three times in unresponsive patientsRate of adverse events |
VM, Valsalva maneuver; MVM, modified Valsalva maneuver; SVM, standard Valsalva maneuver; NR, not reported.