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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dig Dis Sci. 2023 Sep 29;68(12):4306–4320. doi: 10.1007/s10620-023-08122-w

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Impact of inflammatory bowel disease on the intestinal barrier. The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is multifactorial due to genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and immune dysregulation. The cytokine-mediated dysfunction of the TJ barrier via IL-6 and TNFα results in immune activation and mucosal inflammation, an essential component of IBD. Additionally, patients with IBD have increased intestinal permeability reflecting decreased epithelial barrier function. SCFA short chain fatty acids, CXCr1 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1, CD14 cluster of differentiation 14, IL interleukin, TNFα tumor necrosis factor alpha, Muc2 Mucin 2, RELMβ resistin-like molecule beta, ATG16L1 autophagy related 16 like 1, Th T helper cells, INFy interferon gamma, NK-T natural killer cell (From: Ramos GP & Papadakis KA. Mechanisms of Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019 Jan;94(1):155–165; used with permission of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, all rights reserved)