Table 3.
Associations of stressful life events or stressors with incident RA or SLE adjusting for age and covariates’
| Stressful life events1 | Number of non-cases | Number of RA/SLE cases | HR (95% CI) 2 Age-adjusted |
HR (95% CI) 2 Fully adjusted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| All life events/stressors | ||||
| 0 | 16797 | 39 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 1 to 2 | 41294 | 106 | 1.11 (0.77, 1.60) | 1.16 (0.78, 1.73) |
| ≥ 3 | 16595 | 66 | 1.70 (1.14, 2.53) | 1.75 (1.14, 2.69) |
| p-trend | 0.0026 | 0.0039 | ||
| Interpersonal | ||||
| 0 | 22895 | 60 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 1 | 29581 | 79 | 1.02 (0.73, 1.43) | 1.17 (0.82, 1.67) |
| ≥ 2 | 22210 | 72 | 1.23 (0.87, 1.73) | 1.25 (0.86, 1.81) |
| p- trend | 0.2403 | 0.2465 | ||
| Financial stress | ||||
| No | 56448 | 151 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 18106 | 60 | 1.22 (0.90, 1.64) | 1.15 (0.83, 1.59) |
| p- trend | 0.2078 | 0.4020 | ||
| Abuse | ||||
| None | 66731 | 180 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Verbal only | 7215 | 26 | 1.34 (0.89, 2.02) | 1.36 (0.89, 2.10) |
| Physical (± verbal) | 740 | 5 | 2.48 (1.02, 6.03) | 2.50 (1.02, 6.14) |
| p- trend | 0.0614 | 0.0524 | ||
| Caregiving | ||||
| None | 44678 | 120 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| ≤ 2 times/week | 18869 | 54 | 1.06 (0.77, 1.46) | 1.04 (0.74, 1.47) |
| > 2 times/week | 10748 | 37 | 1.25 (0.87, 1.81) | 1.31 (0.89, 1.92) |
| p- trend | 0.2571 | 0.2115 | ||
1
Categories collapsed to reduce the variance in multivariable models.
2
Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals estimated from Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for age, or fully adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, education, occupation, pack-years of smoking and BMI.