Table 2.

Potential of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Human NAFLD

Comparison groups	Association	Cargo	References
NASH with F3 fibrosis versus cirrhotic NASH and healthy control	Hepatocyte-derived EVs, isolated from serum, correlated with clinical characteristics and disease severity	Specific proteomic signatures	(175)
NASH versus HCV and healthy control	Microparticles from invariant natural killer T cells and macrophages/monocytes, correlated with severity of NASH	Not assessed	(101)
NASH with F3–4 versus early NAFLD	Leukocytes or endothelial cell EVs inversely correlated with fibrosis	Not assessed	(226)
NASH with early fibrosis versus steatosis	EVs in serum are increased in NASH	Integrin β1	(60)
NASH with early fibrosis versus steatosis and obese controls	EVs in plasma	C16:0 ceramide, and its metabolite sphingosine 1 phosphate	(88)
Obese with elevated ALT versus obese with normal ALT versus lean subjects with normal ALT	Hepatocyte-derived EVs in plasma correlated with ALT	mitochondrial DNA	(52)
NASH with advanced versus early fibrosis	Circulating hepatocyte-derived exosomes in serum increased in advanced fibrosis	miR 122 and miR 192	(115)
NASH versus NAFLD and healthy control	Hepatocyte-derived exosomes are increased in NASH	miR-192-5p	(134)
NASH versus chronic hepatitis C, chronic hepatitis B, and healthy controls	The miR expression profile in exosome rich fraction from serum correlated with etiology	miR panel (miR- 225-5p, -1275, -368, -762, 320c, -451, -1974, -630, -1207-5p, -720, -1246, and -486-5p)	(160)