Table 1.

Summary of tests used for different clinical applications

Aim	Current Reference standard	Tests	Advantage over the reference standard
Localisation of infection	Tc-99 m-DMSA renal scintigraphy	Clinical features Laboratory-based tests Ultrasound	All less invasive, no exposure to ionising radiation
Detection of reflux	Micturating cystourethrography (MCUG)	Ultrasound	Less invasive, no exposure to ionising radiation
		Indirect radionuclide cystography	Single procedure test for reflux and scarring
Prediction of renal scarring	Follow-up Tc-99 m-DMSA renal scintigraphy	Clinical features	Would allow earlier prediction of children at risk of renal scarring
		Ultrasound
		MCUG
		Acute DMSA renal scintigraphy
Detection of renal scarring	Tc-99 m-DMSA renal scintigraphy	Ultrasound	Less invasive, no exposure to ionising radiation
		Intravenous pyelography (IVP)	Provides a detailed anatomic map, considered essential where surgery is planned.
		Radionuclide cystography	Advocated as a single procedure test for reflux and scarring