Table 2.
Summary of the results of imaging studies
| Test | Number studies | Range LR+ | Pooled LR+ (95% CI) | Range LR- | Pooled LR- (95% CI) |
| Localisation of infection | |||||
| Ultrasound | 20 | 1.6 to 55.0 | 3.5 (2.5, 4.8) | 0.10 to 0.91 | 0.57 (0.47, 0.68) |
| Clinical features | 5 | 1.1 to 26.6 | - | 0.09 to 0.89 | - |
| Infection markers | 10 | 1.0 to 8.8 | - | 0.09 to 1.00 | - |
| Renal function markers | 4 | 0.7 to 36.7 | - | 0.02 to 1.51 | - |
| Immunofluorescence detection of bacteria | 1 | 1.8 | - | 0.55 | |
| Detection of reflux | |||||
| Ultrasound: standard | 12 | 1.0 to 8.7 | 1.9 (1.2, 2.9) | 0.05 to 0.98 | 0.76 (0.63, 0.93) |
| Ultrasound: contrast enhanced | 16 | 3.8 to 71.2 | 14.1 (9.5, 20.8) | 0.04 to 0.51 | 0.20 (0.13, 0.29) |
| Indirect radionuclide cystography | 3 | 11.2 and 25.0 | - | 0.41 and 0.68 | - |
| Prediction of renal scarring | |||||
| Ultrasound | 2 | 1.3 to 3.0 | - | 0.60 to 0.86 | - |
| Micturation cystourethrography | 2 | 2.6 and 2.7 | - | 0.71 and 0.64 | - |
| Temperature | 1 | 1.1 | - | 0.44 | - |
| CRP | 1 | 1.1 | - | 0.44 | - |
| Intravenous pyelography | 1 | 12.9 | - | 0.88 | - |
| Acute renal scintigraphy | 1 | 3.1 | - | 0.54 | - |
| Detection of renal scarring | |||||
| Ultrasound | 7 | 1.3 to 35.9 | - | 0.14 to 0.99 | |
| Intravenous pyelography | 4 | 10 to 171.3 | - | 0.15 to 0.80 | - |
| Indirect radionuclide cystography | 2 | 2.1 to 12.6 | - | 0.15 to 0.75 | - |