Table 1.

Effectiveness of random assignment at Time 1, by experimental group.

		Belonging experiment			Mindset experiment
	Overall mean	Belonging mean	Control mean	p value (T – C)	mindset mean	Control mean	p value (T – C)
ACT score	25.60	25.66	25.56	.38	25.59	25.56	.82
High school GPA	3.65	3.65	3.65	.92	3.65	3.65	.83
Belonging uncertainty	3.88	3.88	3.87	.85	3.90	3.87	.35
Growth Mindset	4.76	4.77	4.77	.89	4.74	4.77	.21
Female	0.54	0.55	0.53	.21	0.54	0.53	.48
First generation	0.24	0.24	0.24	.74	0.24	0.24	.97
Pell eligible	0.27	0.28	0.25	.06	0.27	0.25	.27
n	6,529	2,172	2,222	—	2,135	2,222	—

Note. Binary variables tested with two-sample proportion test and scale variables tested with two-sample t test (H₀: T – C = 0).