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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 19.
Published in final edited form as: J Res Math Educ. 2019 Nov;50(5):529–554. doi: 10.5951/jresematheduc.50.5.0529

Table 4.

Descriptive Statistics: Means and Proportions by Race for Students in Predominantly Hispanic Middle Schools

White Black Hispanic
Seventh-grade academic background
 Mathematics test score(standardized) 0.13BH (0.93) −0.30WH (0.91) −0.10WB (0.99)
 Mathematics grade (standardized) 0.29BH (0.90) −0.09WH (0.96) −0.02WB (0.99)
 Honors mathematics 0.67BH 0.41W 0.43W
Controls
 Free or reduced lunch 0.82BH 0.93WH 0.98WB
 Books at home 2.80BH (0.98) 2.20WH (0.97) 1.90WB (0.90)
 Female 0.51 0.52 0.50
 LEP 0.02H 0.02H 0.58WB
N (students) 96 958 6,310

Note. B, H, and W indicate that the mean is statistically significantly different from the mean for Black, Hispanic, and White students, respectively (p < .05). Standard deviations are in parentheses.