Table 1.

Details of the Cohort Studies Including Participants’ Age and Timing of Data Collection, Survey Designs, Sampling Frames, Response Rates, and Analytic Sample Sizes

Study population	Design and sample frame	2020 Age range in years	Most recent prepandemic survey	Details of wave 1 COVID-19 survey (response rate)	Analytic N
Age homogenous cohorts
BCS70: British Cohort Study 1970	Cohort of all children born in Great Britain (i.e., England, Wales, and Scotland) in one week in 1970, with regular follow-up surveys from birth.	50	2016	February–March (40%)	3,075
NCDS: National Child Development Study	Cohort of all children born in Great Britain (i.e., England, Wales, and Scotland) in one week in 1958, with regular follow-up surveys from birth.	62	2008	February–March (52%)	3,851
NSHD: National Survey of Health and Development	Cohort of all children born in Great Britain (i.e., England, Wales, and Scotland) in one week in 1946, with regular follow-up surveys from birth.	74	2015	February–March (90%)	763
Age heterogeneous studies
ELSA: English Longitudinal Study of Aging	A nationally representative population study of individuals aged 50+ living in England, with biennial surveys and periodic refreshing of the sample to maintain representativeness.	52–90+	2018–2019	June–July (75%)	4,440

Note: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019.