Table 3.
Count and % of the Sample Reporting Possible Combinations of Social Isolation and Loneliness Prior to and During the COVID-19 Restrictions for Each Cohort and for the Samples Combined
| Outcome variable | Pre-COVID-19 | COVID-19 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSHD 70–79 |
NCDS 60–69 |
BCS 50–59 |
ELSA | NSHD 70–79 |
NCDS 60–69 |
BCS 50–59 |
ELSA | |||||||
| 50–59 | 60–69 | 70–79 | 80+ | 50–59 | 60–69 | 70–79 | 80+ | |||||||
| Both (socially isolated and lonely) | 3.3 (25) | 1.2 (26) | 4.8 (76) | 8.6 (20) | 10.7 (144) | 8.9 (165) | 15.7 (110) | 6.2 (47) | 2.9 (80) | 5.1 (81) | 11.3 (28) | 12.5 (170) | 11.4 (217) | 16.4 (126) |
| Only socially isolated | 14.2 (108) | 21.6 (708) | 17.8 (455) | 14.2 (34) | 18.1 (271) | 22.7 (442) | 38.4 (308) | 16.0 (122) | 32.0 (1,146) | 17.5 (450) | 14.9 (35) | 20.0 (307) | 25.1 (476) | 40.8 (322) |
| Only lonely | 9.0 (69) | 1.0 (32) | 7.2 (193) | 14.2 (30) | 10.4 (137) | 8.4 (148) | 6.2 (46) | 8.1 (62) | 2.1 (76) | 3.7 (124) | 14.3 (32) | 10.5 (150) | 9.0 (169) | 4.6 (39) |
| Neither | 73.5 (561) | 76.2 (3,085) | 70.3 (2,351) | 63.0 (152) | 60.9 (949) | 60.0 (1,132) | 39.7 (352) | 69.7 (532) | 63.0 (2,549) | 73.8 (2,420) | 59.5 (141) | 57.0 (874) | 54.5 (1,026) | 38.2 (329) |
Note: BCS = 1970 British Cohort Study; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; ELSA = English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; NCDS = 1958 National Child Development Study; NSHD = 1946 MRC National Survey of Health and Development; UCLA = UCLA Loneliness scale. Weighted percentages.