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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2023 Dec 22;71(1):227–236. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2023.3295771

Fig. 12:

Fig. 12:

Negative of the reactive component of the impedance difference obtained using a saline-filled test cell with a PVC target, a polished copper target, and an unpolished copper target measured with an LCR meter.