Table 1.
Overview of psychometric properties of the NEECHAM Confusion Scale
| Author | Sample | Reliability | Validity | Diagnostic Values |
| Champagne et al. [26] | n = 35 (21 hospitalized and 14 nursing home patients) age ≥ 69 years | Internal consistency = 0.85 Interrater reliability = 0.96 Test-retest reliability = 0.98 |
Concurrent: Correlation with MMSE = 0.81 Construct: Factor analysis revealed 2 factors (% of variance explained not given) |
|
| Neelon et al. [25] | n = 158 medical patients age ≥ 65 years | At least two of three clinical indicators (MSP1, MMSE2, DSM-III3) = reference criterion; and NEECHAM cut-off = 24/25: sensitivity: 95% specificity: 78% predictive value: 57% false positive: 17% false negative: 3% |
||
| Neelon et al. [22] | Sample 1: n = 168 medical patients age ≥ 65 years |
Sample 1: Internal consistency = 0.90 |
Sample 1: Concurrent: * Correlation with MMSE = 0.87 * Correlation with DSM-III-R total score = -0.91 * Correlation with diagnosis of delirium by DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria = -0.70 Construct: Factor analysis revealed 2 factors (explaining 72% of variance) |
|
| Sample 2: n = 258 medical patients age ≥ 65 years |
Sample 2: Internal consistency = 0.90 |
Sample 2: Concurrent: * Correlation with DSM-III-R total score = -0.86 * Correlation with diagnosis of delirium by DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria = -0.54 Construct: Factor analysis revealed 2 factors (% of variance explained not given) |
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| Csokasy [27] | n = 19 patients on intensive care unit age ≥ 65 years | Internal consistency = 0.81 | Concurrent: * correlation with oxygen saturation below 91 = 0.93 * correlation with DSM-III-R total score = 0.68 |
|
| Johansson et al. [28] | n = 73 patients with hip fracture age ≥ 60 years | Before surgery: Internal consistency = 0.73 After surgery: Internal consistency = 0.82 |
Before surgery: Construct: Factor analysis revealed 2 factors (explaining 57.4% of variance) and 3 factors (explaining 69% of variance) After surgery: Construct: Factor analysis revealed 2 factors (explaining 61.5% of variance) and 3 factors (explaining 73.6% of variance) |
1MSP = chart report of mental status problem
2MMSE = Mini-Mental-State Examination
3DSM-III-R = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd ed., revised