Table 1.
Dietary diversity and micronutrient content (standardised for 1000 kcal) of the overall diet and the ultra-processed and non-ultra-processed foods diet fractions; Australian population aged 2 + years (NNPAS 2011–2012; n = 11,862)
| Overall diet | Ultra-processed food diet fraction | Non-ultra-processed food diet fraction | Ratio non-UPFs/UPFs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SE) | Mean | (SE) | Mean | SE | ||
| Dietary Diversity | |||||||
| Number of Food Group Indicators | 5.55 | 0.02 | – | – | 5.55 | 0.02 | – |
| Vitamins | |||||||
| Vitamin A (RAE) | 393.8 | 7.69 | 204.9 | 2.23 | 559 | 13.5 | 2.7* |
| Vitamin B1 Thiamine (mg) | 0.85 | 0.008 | 1.22 | 0.02 | 0.63 | 0.004 | 0.5* |
| Vitamin B2 Riboflavin (mg) | 0.93 | 0.005 | 1.06 | 0.01 | 0.90 | 0.005 | 0.9* |
| Vitamin B3 Niacin (mg) | 20.2 | 0.07 | 15.8 | 0.12 | 24.2 | 0.11 | 1.5* |
| Vitamin B6 Pyridoxine (mg) | 0.70 | 0.005 | 0.51 | 0.01 | 0.85 | 0.004 | 1.7* |
| Vitamin B9 Folate (mg) | 142.4 | 0.70 | 102.6 | 1.02 | 179.3 | 1.06 | 1.7* |
| Vitamin B12 (μg) | 2.24 | 0.02 | 1.08 | 0.01 | 3.21 | 0.04 | 3.0* |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 49.2 | 0.49 | 44.6 | 1.20 | 55.6 | 0.59 | 1.2* |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 5.09 | 0.30 | 4.84 | 0.04 | 5.45 | 0.04 | 1.1* |
| Minerals | |||||||
| Calcium (mg) | 394.5 | 1.91 | 333.4 | 3.25 | 470.4 | 3.12 | 1.4* |
| Iron (mg) | 5.68 | 0.03 | 6.55 | 0.07 | 5.20 | 0.03 | 0.8* |
| Magnesium (mg) | 160.8 | 0.58 | 130.5 | 0.84 | 190.6 | 0.99 | 1.5* |
| Potassium (mg) | 1403.7 | 4.16 | 1043.3 | 6.02 | 1722.8 | 6.80 | 1.6* |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 714.8 | 1.93 | 590.7 | 3.82 | 835.6 | 2.48 | 1.4* |
| Zinc (mg) | 5.24 | 0.02 | 3.95 | 0.02 | 6.31 | 0.03 | 1.6* |
NNPAS National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey, SE Standard Error, RAE Retinol Activity Equivalents
*p value for differences with non-ultra-processed foods by using Student’s tests in each micronutrient; p < 0.001 is considered significant
aIncludes NOVA unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients and processed foods