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Percent interface reactance versus time using commercial systems. From top to bottom: ◆ Hewlett Packard Impedance Analyzer HP4192A; ◇ FRA or Frequency Response Analyzer 1255, by SOLARTRON, with an electrochemical interface PRINCETON APPLIED RESEARCH (PAR); o BACTOMETER, a patented custom made prototype; ▲ Hewlett Packard Precision LCR meter HP4284A.
