Table 2.
Drugs loaded AuNPs with their effect on targeted cancer cell lines
| Cell line targets | Loaded drug | Type of Au nano formulation | Effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer), A375 cells (skin cancer cell line) | Doxorubicin | Nanoparticle modified with folate, drug doxorubicin and polyethylene glycol | Enhanced drug delivery, improved anti-tumor activity | [102, 103] |
| A431 cells skin cancer cells | Curcumin | Nanofibers with Polyvinyl alcohol and Polycaprolactone | Non-toxic biocompatible polymeric scaffold with anti-cancer activity | [104, 105] |
| Skin (A431), liver (HepG2), and lungs (A549) | Curcumin | 2–40 nm nanoparticles | Improves aqueous phase solubility and cellular uptake | [106] |
| U87 cells, Glioblastoma multiforme (aggressive brain tumor) | Temozolomide | Nanoparticles associated with low-intensity ultrasound | Drug sensitivity enhancement | [107] |
| HCT116 cells (colorectal carcinoma cell) | Oxaliplatin | Oxaliplatin immuno-nanoparticles (Co-Ox-AuNPs) | Conjugating with anti-DR5 antibody for improved anti-cancer activity& cellular uptake and enhanced site specificity | [108] |
| A549 (lung epithelial cancer cell line), HCT116, HCT15, HT29, and RKO (colon cancer cell lines) | Oxaliplatin | Platinum-tethered gold nanoparticles | Better cytotoxicity than oxaliplatin alone | [95] |
| MCF-7 cells | Tamoxifen | Thiol-PEGylated plasmonic gold nanoparticles | Selectively targeting to estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells with up to 2.7-fold enhanced drug potency | [109] |
| SKOV3 cells (epithelial cell like human ovarian cancer cell line) | Cisplatin | Synergistic effects of AuNP mediated mild hyperthermia (MHT; 42–43 °C) and cisplatin | Cisplatin mediated cytotoxicity enhanced by 80% with enhanced apoptosis and reduction in tumor volume | [110] |
| NHI-H69, BEAS-B2 cell lines | Etoposide | Functionalized gold nanoparticles combination of HPMC-E5 and PVA (1:1), | Effective multiplexed therapeutic agent. improved anti-tumor efficacy, with higher loading and release efficiency at physiological pH | [111] |
| A-549 (Lung) and colon HTC-116 (Colon) | Methotrexate | AuNP–MTX conjugate nanocarrier | Enhancing the therapeutic effect by inducing apoptosis and decreasing the effective doses by half | [112] |
| MCF7 (breast cancer) | Paclitaxel | PEG coated nanoparticles showed increased maximum drug loading under acidic pH at 24 h incubation period | Increased cytotoxicity (upto 55%) | [113] |
| HL-7702, Hela, SMMC-7721, and HCT-116 cells | Paclitaxel | Paclitaxel loaded on folic acid and (PEG)-modified AuNPs | Good target selectivity for folate-receptor to induce apoptosis | [114] |