Table 4.
Robust analysis for each intervention in each period
| Variable | Period 1 | Period 2 | Period effect | Treatment effect | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BR-CT (n = 33) μt (σw) |
Placebo (n = 11) μt (σw) |
ESt (MoEΔ) [95% CI] |
BR-CT (n = 11) μt (σw) |
Placebo (n = 33) μt (σw) |
ESt (MoEΔ) [95% CI] |
DID [95% CI] p value |
p value | |
| RAVLT_D | 48.28 (5.62) | 45.14 (6.12) |
– 3.14 (7.56) [– 10.7, 4.42] |
48.14 (7.90) | 41.76 (4.88) |
– 6.38 (9.53) [– 15.9, 3.15] |
– 3.27 [– 11.3, 4.77] 0.421 |
0.032 ‡ |
| RAVLT_I | 10.28 (2.24) | 10.42 (1.36) |
0.14 (1.92) [– 1.77, 2.06] |
9.85 (2.46) | 7.47 (1.20) |
– 2.38 (2.96) [– 5.34, 0.57] |
– 2.18 [– 4.75, 0.38] 0.095 |
0.150 |
| Digit Span F | 5.61 (0.50) | 4.71 (0.98) |
– 0.90 (1.17) [– 2.08, 0.27] |
6.0 (0.00) | 5.76 (0.47) |
– 0.23 (0.27) [– 0.51, 0.03] |
0.09 [– 0.92, 1.10] 0.859 |
0.214 |
| Digit Span B | 3.57 (0.50) | 3.28 (0.50) |
– 0.28 (0.62) [– 0.91, 0.34] |
3.85 (0.83) | 3.71 (0.88) |
– 0.14 (1.04) [– 1.18, 0.90] |
0.15 [– 0.79, 1.10] 0.752 |
0.343 |
| SDMT | 59.09 (7.38) | 63.42 (2.66) |
4.33 (4.97) [– 0.64, 9.30] |
72.85 (6.99) | 71.19 (7.35) |
– 1.66 (8.78) [– 10.4, 7.11] |
– 7.72 [– 20.0, 4.63] 0.217 |
0.645 |
| FAB | 16.52 (0.50) | 16.0 (1.00) |
– 0.52 (1.2) [– 1.72, 0.67] |
16.42 (0.90) | 16.23 (0.79) |
– 0.19 (1.11) [– 1.30, 0.92] |
0.54 [– 0.71, 1.80] 0.393 |
0.156 |
| COWAT/FAS | 38.19 (4.53) | 34.57 (6.63) |
– 3.61 (8.03) [– 11.6, 4.41] |
31.57 (4.47) | 32.33 (6.60) |
0.76 (6.06) [– 5.30, 6.82] |
0.06 [– 8.43, 8.55] 0.989 |
0.641 |
| BDI | 7.0 (4.39) | 7.0 (5.50) |
0.00 (6.71) [– 6.71, 6.71] |
5.28 (5.55) | 4.14 (2.85) |
– 1.14 (6.66) [– 7.80, 5.52] |
– 3.57 [– 9.23, 2.08] 0.212 |
0.610 |
| STAI Y1 | 32.42 (6.35) | 37.57 (5.77) |
5.14 (7.30) [– 2.15, 12.4] |
38.42 (11.4) | 32.14 (3.28) |
– 6.28 (13.6) [– 19.9, 7.40] |
– 7.97 [– 16.9, 1.04] 0.083 |
0.527 |
| STAI Y2 | 38.0 (6.54) | 45.14 (5.19) |
7.14 (6.74) [0.39, 13.8]* |
42.0 (10.1) | 35.23 (6.84) |
– 6.76 (12.3) [– 19.0, 5.57] |
– 12.3 [– 21.7, – 2.9] 0.011† |
0.774 |
| PMRQ P | 19.42 (3.84) | 19.71 (3.37) |
0.28 (4.28) [– 4.00, 4.57] |
19.42 (3.61) | 19.33 (3.91) |
– 0.09 (4.56) [– 4.65, 4.46] |
0.48 [– 5.07, 6.04] 0.863 |
0.914 |
| PMRQ R | 18.52 (3.38) | 19.71 (1.69) |
1.19 (2.59) [– 1.40, 3.78] |
20.0 (3.11) | 17.76 (3.48) |
– 2.23 (3.94) [– 6.18, 1.70] |
– 1.0 [– 5.67, 3.67] 0.672 |
0.653 |
| PMRQ TOT | 38.0 (6.12) | 39.57 (5.72) |
1.47 (7.20) [– 5.73, 8.68] |
39.28 (7.10) | 37.23 (6.51) |
– 2.04 (8.76) [– 10.8, 6.72] |
– 0.21 [– 9.85, 9.43] 0.965 |
0.732 |
Data is presented as trimmed mean (μt) and winsorized standard deviation (σw). The effect size (ESt) corresponds to the difference between the two trimmed means (μt2 − μt1) in original units. The period effect was reported by a difference-in-differences (DID) analysis comparing differences in the outcome variables between the periods (DID = Δ2 − Δ1, where the difference in Period 1 is Δ1 and difference in Period 2 is Δ2) to report the period effect
CI confidence interval, MoEΔ marge of error for the CI on the difference between the two trimmed means
Statistical significance (p < 0.05 of the two-tailed p value) for: *difference between groups in the period; †period effect; ‡treatment effect