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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2023 Jul 20;34(2):208–216. doi: 10.1038/s41370-023-00583-5

Table 1.

Stratified demographics of NHANES participants, by farmwork category.

Non-farmworker Farmworker
(N=23,592) (N=844)
Unweighted Weighted Unweighted Weighted
Variable Mean Std Dev Mean, Std Dev Mean Std Dev Mean, Std Dev p-value
Body Mass Index 28.61 6.73 28.46, 6.62 28.53 5.87 28.64, 6.26 0.2864
Age in Years 47.03 18.95 45.67, 17.13 52.61 19.74 49.19, 18.06 0.0001755
N % % N % %
Survey Year 1999–2000 1,423 7.4 6.2 78 9.2 9.0 7.30E-08
2001–2002 1,583 8.3 6.7 109 12.9 11.8
2003–2004 3,075 16.0 13.4 178 21.1 26.5
2005–2006 249 1.3 14.5 78 9.2 7.4
2007–2008 3,641 19.0 14.7 88 10.4 7.8
2009–2010 3,781 19.7 14.5 148 17.5 15.8
2011–2012 3,239 16.9 14.5 89 10.5 13.3
2013–2014 3,601 18.8 15.5 76 9.0 8.4
Gender Men 11,558 49.0 48.5 554 65.6 61.9 5.24E-06
Women 12,034 51.0 51.5 290 34.4 38.1
Racial Ethnicity Mexican American 3,927 19.4 7.4 277 32.8 16.6 < 2.2E-16
Other Hispanic 1,754 8.7 4.9 26 3.1 2.3
Non-Hispanic White 10,871 53.8 69.6 414 49.1 70.6
Non-Hispanic Black 1,835 9.1 11.5 87 10.3 6.1
Other Race 1,835 9.1 6.6 40 4.7 4.3
U.S. Citizenship Non-Citizen 2,996 12.7 8.2 217 25.7 15.7 1.12E-09
Citizen 20,596 87.3 91.8 627 74.3 84.3
Education Level Less than 9th grade 2,282 9.7 5.1 266 31.5 17.4 < 2.2E-16
9–11th grade 3,903 16.5 12.3 126 14.9 12.7
Highschool 5,715 24.2 23.9 167 19.8 22.5
Graduate/GED 6,798 28.8 31.3 162 19.2 26.4
Some College or AA 4,894 20.7 27.4 123 14.6 20.9

P-values are derived from a chi-square test, using a Yate’s Correction where necessary, and for continuous variables, a Wilcoxon Rank Test was used with a Kruskall-Wallis Correction (as needed). Percentages are out of the total number of respondents for that specific question. In this table, other race includes multi-racial. In this study, 9–11 grad includes 12th grade completion without a high school diploma.