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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 2.
Published in final edited form as: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2023 Jul 20;34(2):208–216. doi: 10.1038/s41370-023-00583-5

Table 2.

Stratified demographics of NHANES participants with a history of farmwork, by citizenship.

Citizen Non-citizen
(N=627) (N=217)
Unweighted Weighted Unweighted Weighted
Variable Mean Std Dev Mean, Std Dev Mean Std Dev Mean, Std Dev p-value
Body Mass Index 28.76 6.22 28.76, 6.52 27.89 4.7 27.98, 4.58 0.4221
Age in years 55.45 19.75 50.59, 18.23 44.41 17.34 41.67, 15.06 8.89E-08
N % % N % %
Survey Year 1999–2000 62 9.9 9.4 16 7.4 7.0 0.04774
2001–2002 83 13.2 12.3 26 12.0 8.9
2003–2004 156 24.9 29.1 22 10.1 12.3
2005–2006 41 6.5 6.2 37 17.1 14.1
2007–2008 68 10.8 7.7 20 9.2 8.3
2009–2010 101 16.1 14.8 47 21.7 21.3
2011–2012 64 10.2 13.0 25 11.5 14.7
2013–2014 52 8.3 7.4 24 11.1 13.5
Gender Men 397 63.3 59.8 157 72.4 73.1 0.01068
Women 230 36.7 40.2 60 27.6 26.9
Racial Ethnicity Mexican American 98 15.6 5.9 179 82.5 74.1 < 2.2E-16
Other Hispanic 18 2.9 1.9 8 3.7 4.8
Non-Hispanic White 406 64.8 81.9 8 3.7 9.8
Non-Hispanic Black 81 12.9 6.8 6 2.8 2.7
Other Race 24 3.8 3.5 16 7.4 8.6
Education Level Less than 9th grade 122 19.5 9.9 144 66.4 57.9 < 2.2E-16
9–11th grade 92 14.7 12.4 34 15.7 14.8
Highschool 142 22.6 23.3 25 11.5 18.3
Graduate/GED 155 24.7 30.8 7 3.2 2.9
Some College or AA 116 18.5 23.6 7 3.2 6.2

P-values are derived from a chi-square test, using a Yate’s Correction where necessary, and a Wilcoxon Rank Test was completed with a Kruskall-Wallis Correction. Percentages are out of the total number of respondents for that specific question. In this table, other race includes multi-racial. In this study, 9–11 grad includes 12th grade completion without a high school diploma.